An O.sub.2 sensor has a sensor element, which includes a solid electrolyte layer and a pair of electrodes, while the solid electrolyte layer is interposed between the electrodes. The O.sub.2 sensor outputs an electromotive force signal in response to an air-to-fuel ratio of exhaust gas of an engine, which serves as a sensing subject. A constant current circuit, which induces a flow of a predetermined constant electric current between the pair of electrodes of a sensor element, and a current sensing arrangement, which senses a current value of an actual electric current that is conducted through the sensor element, are provided. A microcomputer determines whether an abnormality of the constant current circuit is present based on the current value of the electric current, which is sensed with the current sensing arrangement, in a case where the constant current is induced by the constant current circuit.

The present disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing a sensor cap with at least one main body and a membrane for an optochemical or electrochemical sensor for determining and/or monitoring the concentration of an analyte in a measuring medium, a corresponding sensor cap, and a corresponding sensor. In one aspect of the present disclosure, a permeable membrane is provided with a surface for contacting the measuring medium, as well as a main body with at least one sector for connecting to the membrane. At least part of the membrane and main body are welded, wherein the membrane is at least partially applied to the at least one sector of the main body and a connection between the main body and membrane is sealed against the measuring medium.

The present disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing a sensor cap with at least one main body and a membrane for an optochemical or electrochemical sensor for determining and/or monitoring the concentration of an analyte in a measuring medium, a corresponding sensor cap, and a corresponding sensor. In one aspect of the present disclosure, a permeable membrane is provided with a surface for contacting the measuring medium, as well as a main body with at least one sector for connecting to the membrane. At least part of the membrane and main body are welded, wherein the membrane is at least partially applied to the at least one sector of the main body and a connection between the main body and membrane is sealed against the measuring medium.

A gas sensor includes a sensor element and a controller. The sensor element includes an element body provided with a measurement-object gas flow section therein, a measurement electrode disposed in the measurement-object gas flow section, an outer pump electrode provided in the element body so that the outer pump electrode comes into contact with a measurement-object gas, a reference electrode, a reference-gas introduction section that causes a reference gas to flow to the reference electrode, and a reference-gas adjustment pump cell constituted by including the outer pump electrode and the reference electrode. The controller performs a moisture-absorption-state diagnosis process of diagnosing a moisture absorption state around the reference electrode based on a pump current flowing through the reference-gas adjustment pump cell when the reference-gas adjustment pump cell is controlled to pump out oxygen from a periphery of the reference electrode to a periphery of the outer pump electrode.

A sensor element for detecting a physical property of a gas includes: a solid electrolyte film; a first end area and a second end area situated diametrically opposite in the longitudinal direction; a functional element in the first end area in the interior which is electrically conductively connected to a contact surface situated in the second end area on the outer surface, the electrically conductive connection having a strip conductor running essentially in the longitudinal direction in the interior of the sensor element; and a reference gas channel running essentially in the longitudinal direction of the sensor element communicating with a reference gas outside of the sensor element via a reference gas opening, the strip conductor and the reference gas channel being situated in such a way that at least a partial overlap occurs between them.

Provided herein is technology relating to testing biological samples and particularly, but not exclusively, to devices, systems, and kits for performing multiple, simultaneous real-time assays on a sample in a single-use disposable format. For example, the technology relates to an apparatus that finds use, for example, for point-of-care diagnostics, including use at accident sites, emergency rooms, in surgery, in intensive care units, as well as for non-medical applications.

Provided herein is technology relating to testing biological samples and particularly, but not exclusively, to devices, systems, and kits for performing multiple, simultaneous real-time assays on a sample in a single-use disposable format. For example, the technology relates to an apparatus that finds use, for example, for point-of-care diagnostics, including use at accident sites, emergency rooms, in surgery, in intensive care units, as well as for non-medical applications.

Some embodiments of the disclosure provide an applicator for applying a medical instrument to a host. In some examples, the applicator includes a housing, an auxiliary mechanism, a first drive mechanism, and a second drive mechanism. The auxiliary mechanism includes a moving body movable with respect to the housing. A receiving portion is provided to the moving body and configured to receive and accommodate the medical instrument. A puncture member is configured to be movable with respect to the receiving portion. The first drive mechanism is configured to act on the moving body toward a proximal end. The second drive mechanism is configured to act on the puncture member toward a distal end. When released, the moving body is driven toward the proximal end by the first drive mechanism to place the medical instrument received in the receiving portion at least partially subcutaneously in the host.

A method of making a nanostructured palladium thin film electrode is described. The method involves contacting a substrate with an aerosol comprising a solvent and a Pd(II) compound. The substrate is heated, and no hydrogen gas or an additional reducing agent is required to reduce the Pd(II) to form the deposited thin film. The nanostructured palladium thin film electrode is capable of detecting compounds such as hydrazine in an aqueous sample with a 10 nM limit of detection.

A method of making a nanostructured palladium thin film electrode is described. The method involves contacting a substrate with an aerosol comprising a solvent and a Pd(II) compound. The substrate is heated, and no hydrogen gas or an additional reducing agent is required to reduce the Pd(II) to form the deposited thin film. The nanostructured palladium thin film electrode is capable of detecting compounds such as hydrazine in an aqueous sample with a 10 nM limit of detection.