A cost of a testing device is reduced. A structure of a testing device is simplified. A testing device capable of testing with higher accuracy is provided. A testing device (10) has a structure including a sending unit (13), a receiving unit (14), a control unit (11), and a display (15). The control unit includes a memory portion (21) and an arithmetic portion (22). The sending unit has a function of generating a pulse signal for a probe (40) to generate an ultrasonic wave (51). The receiving unit has a function of generating a first signal including a first analog data (D1) on the basis of the input single input from the probe. The memory portion has a function of storing the first analog data. The arithmetic portion has a function of generating an image signal (S0) output to the display on the basis of the first analog data stored in the memory portion. The display has a function of displaying an image based on the image signal.

A cost of a testing device is reduced. A structure of a testing device is simplified. A testing device capable of testing with higher accuracy is provided. A testing device (10) has a structure including a sending unit (13), a receiving unit (14), a control unit (11), and a display (15). The control unit includes a memory portion (21) and an arithmetic portion (22). The sending unit has a function of generating a pulse signal for a probe (40) to generate an ultrasonic wave (51). The receiving unit has a function of generating a first signal including a first analog data (D1) on the basis of the input single input from the probe. The memory portion has a function of storing the first analog data. The arithmetic portion has a function of generating an image signal (S0) output to the display on the basis of the first analog data stored in the memory portion. The display has a function of displaying an image based on the image signal.

A gas analyzer uses continuous sonic signals through a conduit to determine the composition of a gas in the conduit. A transmitting transducer drives sonic signals at a fixed frequency and a second transducer receives the sonic signals. The phase shift between two signals corresponds to the speed of sound through the gas and is related to the composition of the gas. The electronic versions of these signals are processed by lowering, or dividing, the fixed frequency which expands the range of phase shift measurement and allows the determination of an expanded range for the gas composition. In an ozone generation system, the gas analyzer is highly suitable for determining the composition of gases derived from air as a gas of known composition and a calibration point.

Providing adaptive channel state feedback (CSF) reports in discontinuous reception (DRX) scenarios in a power-efficient manner. The described algorithm may be able to make adaptive decisions to carry over the CSF from previous DRX cycles based on a comparison between an offset at which CSF values are stable and an offset at which a CSF report is to be sent to a base station. If the CSF values are not stable by the time the CSF report is to be sent, a CSF report from a prior DRX cycle may be used. Alternatively, if the CSF value are stable by the time the CSF report is to be sent, a determination may be made to either generate a new CSF report or use a prior CSF report. The latter determination may be made based on various criteria, including channel conditions and DRX cycle length.

Providing adaptive channel state feedback (CSF) reports in discontinuous reception (DRX) scenarios in a power-efficient manner. The described algorithm may be able to make adaptive decisions to carry over the CSF from previous DRX cycles based on a comparison between an offset at which CSF values are stable and an offset at which a CSF report is to be sent to a base station. If the CSF values are not stable by the time the CSF report is to be sent, a CSF report from a prior DRX cycle may be used. Alternatively, if the CSF value are stable by the time the CSF report is to be sent, a determination may be made to either generate a new CSF report or use a prior CSF report. The latter determination may be made based on various criteria, including channel conditions and DRX cycle length.

A sensor system for detecting particles within a fluid, the sensor system comprising: i) a gauge body having a working surface for receiving a particle containing fluid; ii) an impactor spaced apart from the working surface of the gauge body defining a spacing between the impactor and the working surface of the gauge body through which particle containing fluid can pass, wherein the sensor system is configured such that as the particle containing fluid passes through the spacing between the impactor and the working surface of the gauge body, particles disposed over the working surface are impacted by the impactor generating a signal which is dependent on one or both of the size and concentration of particles in the fluid; and iii) a sensor configured to detect the signal generated by the particles impacting the impactor and provide an output signal.

A sensor system for detecting particles within a fluid, the sensor system comprising: i) a gauge body having a working surface for receiving a particle containing fluid; ii) an impactor spaced apart from the working surface of the gauge body defining a spacing between the impactor and the working surface of the gauge body through which particle containing fluid can pass, wherein the sensor system is configured such that as the particle containing fluid passes through the spacing between the impactor and the working surface of the gauge body, particles disposed over the working surface are impacted by the impactor generating a signal which is dependent on one or both of the size and concentration of particles in the fluid; and iii) a sensor configured to detect the signal generated by the particles impacting the impactor and provide an output signal.

A method for monitoring a pantograph. The method includes acquiring an impulse response of the pantograph, extracting a natural frequency and a damping coefficient of the pantograph from the impulse response, obtaining a similarity factor of a plurality of similarity factors, and detecting a fault in the pantograph from the plurality of fault types based on the plurality of the similarity factors. Acquiring an impulse response of the pantograph includes generating the impulse response by tapping the head of the pantograph and recording the impulse response utilizing a recording equipment.

A method for monitoring a pantograph. The method includes acquiring an impulse response of the pantograph, extracting a natural frequency and a damping coefficient of the pantograph from the impulse response, obtaining a similarity factor of a plurality of similarity factors, and detecting a fault in the pantograph from the plurality of fault types based on the plurality of the similarity factors. Acquiring an impulse response of the pantograph includes generating the impulse response by tapping the head of the pantograph and recording the impulse response utilizing a recording equipment.

A fluid measuring device for determining at least one characteristic property of a fluid includes a measuring tube having a fluid duct and a measuring section in which an area of a measuring tube wall is configured as a waveguide for surface acoustic waves which forms an interface to the fluid. At least two piezoelectric transducers are arranged in direct contact with an outer surface of the waveguide and one of which serves as a transmitter for exciting acoustic waves and at least one as a receiver for receiving acoustic waves. Acoustic waves excited by the transmitter can propagate as a volume wave through the fluid, and the piezoelectric transducers are configured to be elastically flexible while retaining their function in that the piezoelectric transducers have strip-shaped piezoelectric elements arranged parallel to each other, are rigid per se and between which a respective layer of an elastic material is arranged.