The invention relates to a design method of high-temperature nickel-based bolts based on damage tolerance theory, comprising the following steps: S.sub.1: acquiring operating parameters for the design; S.sub.2: selecting a material for bolts; S.sub.3: acquiring mechanical properties of the materials; S.sub.4: determining a pretension stress σ.sub.p of a single bolt; S.sub.5: determining the service stress σ.sub.s under the steady state; S.sub.6: determining the number n, the effective cross-section area A and the distribution of bolts; S.sub.7: determining a maximum allowable crack dimension; S.sub.8: calculating the maximum allowable service stress σ.sub.th using the crack propagation threshold K.sub.th at the design temperature; S.sub.9: comparing the service stress σ.sub.s and the maximum allowable service stress σ.sub.th, if σ.sub.s is smaller than σ.sub.th, then the bolts are safe in the design life; otherwise, return to step S.sub.4 and reduce the pretension stress σ.sub.p.

A metal adsorption acrylic fiber wherein the strontium adsorption rate is 85% or more when the strontium adsorption rate is measured using the following measurement method. A strontium adsorption rate measurement method (strontium 0.1 ppm measurement method) involves immersing a metal adsorption acrylic fiber into an immersion fluid, collecting the immersion fluid as a testing solution 24 hours after beginning the immersion, analyzing the quantity of strontium in the testing solution, obtaining the concentration (C.sub.1) (ppm) of strontium in the testing solution, creating a contrast solution, analyzing the quantity of strontium in the contrast solution as in the case with the testing solution, obtaining the concentration (C.sub.2) (ppm) of strontium in the contrast solution, and calculating the strontium adsorption rate of the metal adsorption acrylic fiber by using the following equation: strontium adsorption rate (%)={(C.sub.2−C.sub.1)/C.sub.2}×100.

The method comprises the following steps: a) Providing a sonotrode (1) formed from an essentially inert material with respect to the liquid metal, such as a ceramic, and preferably a silicon nitride or a silicon oxynitride, such as SIALON, or a metal essentially inert to said liquid metal, b) Immersing at least partially the sonotrode (1) in a bath of said metal, c) Applying to the sonotrode (1) power ultrasounds, particularly ultrasounds having a power greater than 10 watts to obtain the wetting of said sonotrode by said metal, d) Applying continuously to the sonotrode (1) measurement ultrasounds, also known as testing ultrasounds, particularly ultrasounds wherein the frequency is between 1 and 25 MHz, e) Applying intermittently to the sonotrode (1) power ultrasounds, particularly ultrasounds having a power greater than 10 watts, to maintain said wetting.

Disclosed is a method for detecting toxic metal ions in a sample. The method includes: a) preparing a solution of organic acid-bound gold nanoparticles; b) adding a sample containing toxic metal ions to the solution prepared in a) to allow the gold nanoparticles to aggregate; c) dropping the reaction solution obtained in b) onto a silicon substrate and drying the reaction solution such that the gold nanoparticle aggregates are immobilized on the silicon substrate; and d) analyzing the characteristics of the gold nanoparticles immobilized on the silicon substrate. The method enables the detection of even a trace amount of toxic metal ions in a sample with high sensitivity. Therefore, the method can be applied to the management of water quality in food service providers and hospitals, the measurement of contaminants in water supply and drainage systems, and the management of industrial wastewater. Furthermore, the method is expected to be widely applicable to water purifiers and the food and beverage industry in the future.

Disclosed is a method for detecting toxic metal ions in a sample. The method includes: a) preparing a solution of organic acid-bound gold nanoparticles; b) adding a sample containing toxic metal ions to the solution prepared in a) to allow the gold nanoparticles to aggregate; c) dropping the reaction solution obtained in b) onto a silicon substrate and drying the reaction solution such that the gold nanoparticle aggregates are immobilized on the silicon substrate; and d) analyzing the characteristics of the gold nanoparticles immobilized on the silicon substrate. The method enables the detection of even a trace amount of toxic metal ions in a sample with high sensitivity. Therefore, the method can be applied to the management of water quality in food service providers and hospitals, the measurement of contaminants in water supply and drainage systems, and the management of industrial wastewater. Furthermore, the method is expected to be widely applicable to water purifiers and the food and beverage industry in the future.

An in-situ on-line detection device and detection method for a long-distance metallurgical liquid metal component. The detection device comprises a front-end high-temperature resistant probe, a middle-end optical sensing device and a back-end control platform, wherein the head of the front-end high-temperature resistant probe is placed in a liquid metal, the tail thereof is coaxially connected to the middle-end optical sensing device, and an optical window is arranged in the connection position; and the middle-end optical sensing device is connected to the back-end control platform through a signal line. The detection device and detection method can provide a timely and valid message for quality control and a melting end, so that the detection time is greatly shortened, the detection distance can he adjusted extensively, the measurement result is accurate, and it can be achieved to measure components that are difficult to measure such as carbon, sulfur, phosphorous, etc.

Disclosed is an electrochemical probe system and an electrical excitation method, configured in a handheld sorting system, and used to identify the composition of metals and alloys.

The method comprising the following steps: a) Providing a first bath of a liquid metal (1) comprising aluminium with a content X and magnesium with a content Y, the magnesium content Y being different to zero, b) Immersing at least partially a sonotrode (3) formed from a material inert to liquid aluminium, in the first bath of liquid metal (1), and c) Applying power ultrasounds to the sonotrode (3) so as to excite the liquid metal (1) until wetting (5) of the sonotrode (3) by the liquid metal (1) is obtained. d) Cooling the first liquid metal (1) of the first bath until solidification of the first liquid metal (1) around the sonotrode (3) is obtained, generating an intimate bond (6) between the sonotrode (3) and the solidified first liquid metal (1) having a bonding strength substantially equal to that of brazing between two metals. e) Machining the solidified first metal (1) in the form of a flange (7) configured for the attachment of a mechanical amplifier and/or of a transducer (4).

A material-property-value estimating method of estimating a material-property-value of a target steel-strip product manufactured via at least one of a reheating process, a rolling process, and a cooling process, which are performed while a target material is being conveyed along a conveyance route, the material-property-value estimating method includes an estimating step of estimating a material-property-value of each of meshes dividing the target steel-strip product based on a measured value that has been measured once or more by a measuring device installed on the conveyance route, the measured value including at least a temperature of the target material; and a chemical composition per component of the target steel-strip product.

A material-property-value estimating method of estimating a material-property-value of a target steel-strip product manufactured via at least one of a reheating process, a rolling process, and a cooling process, which are performed while a target material is being conveyed along a conveyance route, the material-property-value estimating method includes an estimating step of estimating a material-property-value of each of meshes dividing the target steel-strip product based on a measured value that has been measured once or more by a measuring device installed on the conveyance route, the measured value including at least a temperature of the target material; and a chemical composition per component of the target steel-strip product.