An automated wetstock management system can include a plurality of sensors disposed in a fuel storage facility, the plurality of sensors configured to sense fuel data characterizing one or more aspects of the fuel storage facility, and a wetstock management server communicatively coupled to the plurality of sensors. The wetstock management server can process the fuel data to detect whether the fuel data satisfies an exception indicative of an operational issue of the fuel storage facility based on one or more predefined rules or models stored in the wetstock management server. In some embodiments, the wetstock management server can generate a workflow for assisting a user of the fuel storage facility to resolve the operational issue. In some embodiments, the wetstock management server can assign a risk category to the exception and electronically transmit an alert characterizing the operational issue to the user.

A shaped lens for minimizing differences in time of arrival at the output surface of an explosive assembly. The lens is plano-convex with the convex shape oriented towards the explosive charge. The lens becomes monotonically thicker as the center of the lens is radially approached from the edge, according to a formula accounting for the detonation velocity of the explosve and velocity of the shockwave through the lens. The lens is preferably incorporated into a test fixture using a liquid explosive, such as nitromethane. The test fixture may be assembed on site, at the test location.

Provided is a method for predicting and evaluating adhesion of combustion ash in a coal-mixed combustion boiler in which biomass is used as renewable energy, the method comprising: ashing a sample to prepare an ashed test sample, the sample being obtained by mixing the biomass with coal that is main fuel of the coal-mixed combustion boiler, at a predetermined additive ratio; sintering the ashed test sample under a combustion temperature condition of the coal-mixed combustion boiler to generate sintered ash; testing the sintered ash by a rattler tester to obtain a sticking degree from a ratio obtained by dividing a weight of the sintered ash after the test by a weight of the sintered ash before the test; and evaluating in advance an adhesion state of the combustion ash in the coal-mixed combustion boiler on a basis of the sticking degree.

Products and processes are provided herewith for analyzing octane content in a fuel sample that include the step or steps of receiving an octane measurement of a fuel sample from an octane analyzer, rounding the octane measurement to a nearest recognized octane rating, comparing the rounded octane measurement with a listed octane rating for the fuel sample, and communicating results of the comparison to a user of the octane analyzer. The octane analyzer may be incorporated into a fuel pump or a vehicle. The results of the comparison may also be used to adjust the vehicle operating parameters to account for the actual octane rating of the fuel dispensed into the vehicle.

The use of volatilization reagents is disclosed for improved detection of inorganic oxidizers such as, but not limited to, chlorates and perchlorates. Detection methods are disclosed whereby a reagent can transfer a proton to the anion (i.e., chlorate, perchlorate, etc.) of an inorganic salt analyte, forming an acid (i.e., chloric acid, perchloric acid) that is easier to detect by a mechanism whereby the acidified reagent is more easily vaporized, and hence, more easily detected. Concurrently, the anion of the acid forms a new salt with the cation released from the salt that was acidified. The reagents can also include acidic salts or cation-donators, more generally. In some embodiments, hydrated reagents or co-reagents that can release water can be employed.

An apparatus and method predict an initial deformation temperature of coal without an additional test by using a predictive model. The apparatus includes a parameter extractor configured to analyze characteristics of test coal and to extract parameters of the test coal based on the test coal characteristic analysis; a temperature analyzer configured to analyze an initial deformation temperature (IDT) of the test coal; a modeler configured to derive an IDT predictive model for predicting the test coal IDT using the extracted parameters of the test coal and the test coal IDT; and a predictor configured to predict an initial deformation temperature (IDT) of target coal to be supplied to the coal-fired power plant by substituting parameters of the target coal into the IDT predictive model. The test coal characteristics are analyzed by ash component analysis, elementary analysis, industrial analysis, or calorific value analysis.

The present invention relates to a method for product identification comprising subjecting a sample to cyclic voltammetry, wherein the sample is subjected to a plurality of voltammetric cycles to obtain a data set for each cycle and wherein the data sets comprise data points; and comparing the data set for each cycle with a data set for a corresponding cycle of at least one known product to determine whether the sample is the known product. The present invention further relates to a method for determining a profile for a known product, which may be used in determining the identity of a sample.

A cost-effective and limited interaction explosive detector for dangerous, illegal, and/or illicit substances such as explosives, flammable or volatile fluids, and/or other appropriate substances is described. The explosive detector may be integrated into various containers or packages, such as cardboard boxes, paper envelopes, metal shipping containers, and/or other containers or packaging. The integrated explosive detector may provide a visual indication when a subject substance is encountered. The integrated explosive detector may include a port or vent that allows for ambient flow of fluids, such as air, between an interior of the container and the outside environment.

A fueling system is for an aircraft having a tank with a compartment configured to be filled with fuel. A discharge conduit extends from the compartment to an outside of the tank. A sampling arrangement has a sample container and a sample conduit extending from the compartment to the sample container. The fueling system further has a gas propellant arrangement comprising a pressurized gas source. The gas propellant arrangement is configured to provide pressurized gas to the compartment and to the sample container.

A fueling system is for an aircraft having a tank with a compartment configured to be filled with fuel. A discharge conduit extends from the compartment to an outside of the tank. A sampling arrangement has a sample container and a sample conduit extending from the compartment to the sample container. The fueling system further has a gas propellant arrangement comprising a pressurized gas source. The gas propellant arrangement is configured to provide pressurized gas to the compartment and to the sample container.