The invention relates to the detection of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). In a particular aspect, the invention relates to methods for detecting DHA and EPA by mass spectrometry and kits for carrying out such methods.

The disclosure relates to a manufactured composition, material or device comprising at least two different nonradioactive isotope atoms. Each nonradioactive isotope atom is present in an amount sufficient to increase the total amount of the nonradioactive isotope atom above the total amount found in the manufactured composition, material or device in the absence of adding the nonradioactive isotope atom to increase said total amount. The ratio(s) of the at least two nonradioactive isotopes in the manufactured composition, material or device are measurably different than the ratio(s) found in the manufactured composition, material or device in the absence of adding the nonradioactive isotope atom to increase said total amount.

An apparatus for measuring a concentration of an analyte in a bio-sample using an electrochemical bio-sensor, includes a connector with a sample cell in which an oxidation/reduction enzyme and an electron transfer mediator are fixed and a working electrode and an counter electrode are provided; a digital-to-analog converter circuit configured to apply a constant DC voltage to start the oxidation/reduction reaction of the analyte, proceed with an electron transfer reaction, and apply a Λ-step ladder-type perturbation potential for fluctuating a potential of the sample cell after applying the constant DC voltage; and a microcontroller configured to control the digital-to-analog converter circuit and directly obtain a concentration value of the analyte from a calibration equation using the Λ-step ladder-type perturbation potential. The apparatus can improve measurement accuracy by effectively minimizing a matrix interference effect of a background material in a bio-sample, particularly an inaccuracy caused by a change in hematocrit.

The disclosure is directed to systems, compositions and methods for tagging, identifying and authenticating bulk liquids. Specifically, the disclosure relates to methods, compositions and systems for selectively and specifically identifying bulk liquids as authentic using, as a tagging compound, photoluminescent carbon nanostructures (PCN's) suspended in a continuous phase that is thermodynamically incompatible with non-polar bulk liquid and/or substantially low concentration of PCNs; and incorporating the suspension into the liquid, wherein the suspension is incorporated at a concentration of continuous phase that is at least one of being below the solubility limit of the suspension's continuous phase in the bulk liquid and a concentration that cannot be observed unaided to the naked eye.

The invention is directed to a valve stem system (1) for tubeless wheels. The valve stem system (1) includes a valve stem body (2) with a first end (3) and a second end (4), wherein the second end (4) is located in a tire/rim-volume when mounted at the wheel. A first valve (5) is arranged at the second end (4) of the valve stem body (2). The first valve (5) is a self-sealing one-way valve. A second valve (10) is removably mountable at the first end (3) and is, when mounted, at least partially housed in the valve stem body (2). The second valve (10) comprises a valve stem core inserted in the valve stem body (2) and can be added or removed from the valve stem body (2) while pressure is maintained within the tire by the first valve (5). The invention further concerns a probe (30) for a valve stem system, a method to test the amount of sealant in a wheel and a refilling assembly (80) for a wheel.

The present invention provides a method of diagnosing an oil-immersed electrical apparatus by an assessment of a state of deterioration of the oil-immersed electrical apparatus including an insulating oil. The insulating oil has been subjected to changing from mineral oil to vegetable oil. The method comprises: performing a first analysis before the changing, by analyzing the insulating oil; performing a second analysis after the changing, by analyzing the insulating oil; performing a first assessment by assessing the state of deterioration of the oil-immersed electrical apparatus before the changing, based on the first analysis results; performing a second assessment by assessing the state of deterioration of the oil-immersed electrical apparatus after the changing, based on the second analysis results; and performing a third assessment by assessing the state of deterioration of the oil-immersed electrical apparatus based on assessment results from the first assessment and assessment results from the second assessment.

Non-contact type measuring apparatus able to detect a difference in signal intensity by transmitting a radio frequency (RF) signal having a predetermined frequency through one of two coil antennas and receiving an induced RF current signal transmitted via a medium through the other coil antennas and detect conductivity and a variation in characteristic of a non-conductor by comparing the signal intensity with a signal intensity comparison table for each frequency, which is stored in a controller by measuring a signal intensity for each frequency in advance, on the basis of the signal intensity for each frequency. The non-contact type measuring apparatus can accurately measure not only various elements using a characteristic in which conductivity is varied according to total dissolved solid, temperature, and an amount of a conductive medium and permittivity change characteristic of a non-conductor, but also conductivity and variation in characteristic of the non-conductor.

Non-contact type measuring apparatus able to detect a difference in signal intensity by transmitting a radio frequency (RF) signal having a predetermined frequency through one of two coil antennas and receiving an induced RF current signal transmitted via a medium through the other coil antennas and detect conductivity and a variation in characteristic of a non-conductor by comparing the signal intensity with a signal intensity comparison table for each frequency, which is stored in a controller by measuring a signal intensity for each frequency in advance, on the basis of the signal intensity for each frequency. The non-contact type measuring apparatus can accurately measure not only various elements using a characteristic in which conductivity is varied according to total dissolved solid, temperature, and an amount of a conductive medium and permittivity change characteristic of a non-conductor, but also conductivity and variation in characteristic of the non-conductor.

The present invention is a method for estimating a physical property of an aqueous sample containing a surfactant and water, comprising: adding an oil component and a phase-changing probe to the aqueous sample, and estimating the physical property of the aqueous sample from an amount of the phase-changing probe when a phase structure of the mixture changes.

An apparatus for measuring a concentration of an analyte in a bio-sample using an electrochemical bio-sensor, includes a connector with a sample cell in which an oxidation/reduction enzyme and an electron transfer mediator are fixed and a working electrode and an counter electrode are provided; a digital-to-analog converter circuit configured to apply a constant DC voltage to start the oxidation/reduction reaction of the analyte, proceed with an electron transfer reaction, and apply a -step ladder-type perturbation potential for fluctuating a potential of the sample cell after applying the constant DC voltage; and a microcontroller configured to control the digital-to-analog converter circuit and directly obtain a concentration value of the analyte from a calibration equation using the -step ladder-type perturbation potential. The apparatus can improve measurement accuracy by effectively minimizing a matrix interference effect of a background material in a bio-sample, particularly an inaccuracy caused by a change in hematocrit.