A system is provided. The system includes a conveyor apparatus configured for conveying a material and a water content measurement system positioned about the conveyor apparatus for determining water content in the material. A dimension characteristic measurement system for detecting one or more dimension characteristics of the material is provided and a computer device is configured to manipulate data received from the water content measurement system and the dimension characteristic measurement system to determine a water content of the material.

Provided is a method of inspecting a growth quality of a graphene layer of a graphene-grown copper foil obtained by growing the graphene layer on a copper foil layer by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), the method including reacting oxygen or water molecules with the copper foil layer via a defect portion of the graphene layer, partitioning an entire region of the graphene-grown copper foil into partial regions, sequentially obtaining images of the partial regions, detecting, with respect to each of the images of the partial regions, an oxidized region where the copper foil layer is oxidized, and setting the oxidized region as a graphene defect region, and obtaining a ratio of an area of the graphene defect region to an entire area of each of the images of the partial regions.

Provided is a method of inspecting a growth quality of a graphene layer of a graphene-grown copper foil obtained by growing the graphene layer on a copper foil layer by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), the method including reacting oxygen or water molecules with the copper foil layer via a defect portion of the graphene layer, partitioning an entire region of the graphene-grown copper foil into partial regions, sequentially obtaining images of the partial regions, detecting, with respect to each of the images of the partial regions, an oxidized region where the copper foil layer is oxidized, and setting the oxidized region as a graphene defect region, and obtaining a ratio of an area of the graphene defect region to an entire area of each of the images of the partial regions.

Formwork panel (100) for a formwork device (200) for creating wall or ceiling sections in fresh concrete construction with a sensor (102) integrated in the formwork panel.

A method includes forming, by a laser beam supplied by a laser cutting system, a laser-cut line in each of a plurality of glass samples. Each different laser-cut line in each different glass sample of the plurality of glass samples is formed when the laser cutting system is at a different process setting. The method also includes subjecting each of the plurality of glass samples with the laser-cut lines to a break test, and obtaining a plurality of break strength values. Each different break strength value of the plurality of break strength values is indicative of a laser-cut line quality of the respective glass sample of the plurality of glass samples.

Methods of characterizing ion-exchanged chemically strengthened glass containing lithium are disclosed. The methods allow for performing quality control of the stress profile in chemically strengthened Li-containing glasses having a surface stress spike produced in a potassium-containing salt, especially in a salt having both potassium and sodium. The method allows the measurement of the surface compression and the depth of the spike, and its contribution to the center tension, as well as the compression at the bottom of the spike, and the total center tension and calculation of the stress at the knee where the spike and the deep region of the stress profile intersect. The measurements are for a commercially important profile that is near-parabolic in shape in most of the interior of the substrate apart from the spike.

Methods of improving the measurement of knee stress in an ion-exchanged chemically strengthened Li-containing glass sample that includes a knee are disclosed. One of the methods includes compensating for a shift in the location of the TIR-PR transition location associated with the critical angle location, wherein the shift is due to the presence of a leaky mode. Another method includes applying select criteria to the captured mode spectra image to ensure a high-quality image is used for the knee stress calculation. Another method combines direct and indirect measurements of the knee stress using the mode spectra from multiple samples to obtain greater accuracy and precision as compared to using either the direct measurement method or the indirect measurement method alone. Quality control methods of forming the glass samples using measured mode spectra and related techniques for ensuring an accurate measurement of the knee stress are also disclosed.

Methods of characterizing ion-exchanged chemically strengthened Li-containing glasses include: a) measuring a mode spectrum of the glass sample; b) using the mode spectrum, estimating a first contribution to the center tension associated with a spike region and estimating a second contribution to the center tension due to a deep region only, wherein the deep region is assumed to follow a power-law stress profile; and c) determining a total center tension by adding of the first and second contributions to the center tension. The methods can be used for quality control during manufacturing of glass samples by comparing the total center tension to a center tension specification that provides optimum strength and durability.

The present application belongs to the technical field of monitoring of durability of concrete, and particularly relates to a method for optimizing a structure of an electrical capacitance tomography sensor and analyzing an electromagnetic field. A specific process of the method includes eight steps: parameter setting, geometric setting, material setting, mesh generation, physical field setting, solution, sensor structure optimization and calculation of electromagnetic field distribution. The method proposes a new concept for solving a forward problem of an ECT system based on COMSOL software. After modeling is completed, uniformity of a sensitive field of the ECT sensor is analyzed according to calculation results, and structural parameter values of components of the ECT sensor are adjusted to seek an optimal design scheme.

A sensor assembly adapted to be embedded in a concrete structure comprising a body, and at least one sensor configured to determine parameters related to the durability of a concrete structure, wherein the sensor is arranged at least partially within the body, wherein the body comprises a shell covering the outer surface of the body and consisting of or comprising a mineral material, and wherein the sensor assembly has a rounded shape, particularly an ellipsoid or spherical shape, and a first extension extending along a first axis being 90 mm or less. A concrete structure is also provided having at least one sensor assembly.