The invention relates to devices and methods for detecting the presence of antibodies to folic acid in a sample.

The invention provides methods of predicting the weight loss propensity of an animal of the genus Equus, through the assessment of various markers in a sample obtained from the animal. Such markers include fermentation products and/or metabolites thereof such as volatile fatty acids, indicators of bacterial population diversity, and the abundance/relative abundance of specific bacterial taxa.

Provided is an analytical method for providing information necessary for a diagnosis of alcohol use disorder, including measuring (i) an expression level of a gene encoding a JNK or p-JNK protein in a subject's sample, (ii) an expression level of a gene encoding a JNK or p-JNK protein and an expression level of a gene encoding the Elk-1 protein in a subject's sample, or (iii) expression levels of genes encoding JNK, p-JNK, and Elk-1 proteins in a subject's sample, respectively; and a kit for a diagnosis of alcohol use disorder which is used in the analytical method.

The present disclosure relates generally to biomarkers and peptide arrays, and, more particularly, to a method of using a peptide array to identify biomarkers for an autoimmune disease such as, e.g., celiac disease. Furthermore, a set of novel biomarkers for celiac disease, having high sensitivity and specificity, are disclosed in addition to method of treatment using the novel biomarkers.

The present invention provides a method of using increased levels of one or more biomarkers to identify subjects having non-celiac gluten sensitivity or non-celiac wheat sensitivity. The identification would aid the physician or health professional to determine a specific treatment for the patient, for example, a diet that eliminates wheat, rye, and/or barley. In one embodiment, the biomarkers are one or more of soluble CD 14 (sCD14), lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), anti-lipopolysaccharide antibodies, anti-flagellin antibodies, anti-gliadin antibodies, and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (FABP2). The present invention also provides a method of using the same markers to monitor the response to treatment for non-celiac wheat sensitivity in a subject.

Provided are methods for determining the amount of vitamin C in a sample using mass spectrometry. The methods generally involve ionizing vitamin C in a sample and detecting and quantifying the amount of the ion to determine the amount of vitamin C in the sample.

Systems, techniques and methods for estimating the metabolic state or flux, e.g., the body energy state (“BES”) of a patient, are disclosed. The BES provides a deep insight into the nutritional needs of the patient, thus allowing for a sort of exquisite glycemic control with regard to the patient. The invention discloses systems and methods for estimating fractional gluconeogenesis. The invention also discloses systems and methods for estimating and targeting patient blood lactate concentration, both as a target itself and as an intermediate step to estimating and targeting patient fractional gluconeogenesis glucose production. Nutritional support methods and formulations are also disclosed. The invention is suitable for any sort of patient, including those who are injured, such as with traumatic brain injury, ill, or have other conditions that stress the metabolic system.

Provided herein are antigenic molecules that can be used to generate antibodies capable of binding to a vitamin D derivative, such as 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and/or 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, or a 25-hydroxyvitamin D analog, such as a vitamin D-C22 immunogenic molecule or compound. Antibodies produced using these antigenic molecules, and related antigenic compounds, are also described. In addition, disclosed herein are methods for detecting vitamin D deficiency in a subject, methods for treating a subject suspected of having a vitamin D deficiency, methods for monitoring progression of vitamin D deficiency in a subject, and methods for monitoring treatment of vitamin D deficiency in a subject in need thereof. The methods involve the detection or quantification of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3. Also provided are methods and reagents for the detection or quantification of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3, methods for stabilizing vitamin D analogs, and methods for separating 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3 from vitamin D binding protein in a biological sample.

The present invention relates to a method for determining a level of fat-free body mass (FFM) in a paediatric subject comprising determining a level of phenylacetylglutamine (PAG) in a sample obtained from the subject.

System that makes nutritional recommendations based on results of a home urine test. A user may apply a urine sample to a card containing multiple tests, and capture an image of the card using a phone; an analysis system executing on the phone or in the cloud may analyze the image and determine test results. The test card and analysis system may compensate for variability in lighting conditions and time of exposure to the urine sample. Based on test results, the system may recommend consumption of specific quantities of nutrients, such as vitamins, minerals, and foods. It may also recommend consumption of water or electrolytes based on measured hydration, and stress reduction techniques or sleep based on measured cortisol. Recommendations may be customized based on factors such as the user's characteristics (gender, weight, etc.), predicted absorption of nutrients from food or supplements, and the user's dietary preferences or restrictions.