The disclosure provides compositions and methods related to the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of inflammatory diseases and disorders, especially allergic inflammatory diseases and disorders.

The invention herein disclosed is related to epitopes useful in methods of diagnosing, treating, and preventing coeliac disease. Therapeutic compositions which comprise at least one epitope are provided.

One aspect of the present disclosure can include a method for reducing or alleviating inflammation in the digestive tract of a subject in need thereof that consumes a disruptive dietary component. One step of the method can include assaying a previously obtained fecal sample from the subject for the presence of one or more Proteobacteria and an activity level of a peroxidase enzyme. The subject can decrease ingestion of the disruptive dietary component if the assayed presence of the one or more Proteobacteria and the activity level of the peroxidase enzyme are increased as compared to control levels.

The invention pertains to an in vitro method for detecting avian intestinal dysbiosis, the method comprising determining the presence and/or level of isoleucyl-arginine (C.sub.12H.sub.25O.sub.3N.sub.5) or isomers thereof in avian sample material wherein the presence and/or an increased level of isoleucyl-arginine (C.sub.12H.sub.25O.sub.3N.sub.5) or isomers thereof in comparison to a non-affected control is indicative for avian intestinal dysbiosis.

The present invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein D is a detectable moiety, or salts thereof, which can be used as activity-based probes for neutrophil elastase, as well as to methods for detecting neutrophil elastase (NE) activity in a tissue sample lysate, and related diagnostic methods using compounds of formula I.

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The present invention provides methods and systems to accurately detect and measure levels of endogenous antibodies, for examples endogenous IgA, to particular antigens in a biological sample from a companion animal, which is useful to diagnose inflammatory conditions, including bowel disease (IBD), gastrointestinal infections, and food sensitivities in companion animals, e.g., dogs or cats, and to distinguish among such gastrointestinal disorders. Such methods and systems identify whether a sample from the patient is associated with an inflammatory condition, infection, and/or food sensitivity condition, by using non-invasive means, thus conveniently providing information useful for guiding treatment decisions.

The invention provides methods for diagnosing eosinophilic esophagitis in a patient using a biomarker based assay directed to KCNJ2/Kir2.1 and related compositions, kits, and computer program products.

The invention provides compositions and methods for identifying autism and autism spectrum disorders in humans. The invention also includes compositions and methods for identifying unique blood-based gene expression profiles in children with regressive autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and ileocolitis.

Provided are antibodies that specifically bind to an epitope containing N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetyl-galactosamine expressed by a cancer cell or an inflammatory cell. Also provided are compositions including these antibodies, as well as polynucleotides, vectors, host cells, and methods useful for production thereof. Further provided are methods and kits for treating or preventing cancer in an individual by administering to the individual an antibody that specifically binds to an epitope containing N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetyl-galactosamine, optionally in combination with another anti-cancer agent. Still further provided are methods and kits for treating or preventing gastrointestinal disease in an individual by administering to the individual an antibody that specifically binds to an epitope containing N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetyl-galactosamine. Yet further provided are methods and kits for detecting the presence of cancer cells in an individual including an antibody that specifically binds to an epitope containing N-acetylglucosamine and/or N-acetyl-galactosamine.

The invention provides methods of treatment that induce satiety in a subject for a period of at least around twenty-four hours by once-daily administration to the subject of a controlled release dosage form, wherein the dosage form is administered while the subject is in the fasted state and at a time of around six to around nine hours prior to the subject's next intended meal, and wherein the dosage form comprises a controlled release composition, which comprises an enterically-coated, ileum hormone-stimulating amount of a nutritional substance and releases the majority of the nutritional substance in vivo upon reaching the subject's ileum. The invention also provides a diagnostic tool for probing the health and disease state of the ileal hormones, excess or deficiencies. The invention provides a safe vehicle for targeted deliveries of chemical, pharmaceuticals, natural substances and nutrition to the ileum. The present invention also provides a method for treating noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus, pre-diabetic symptoms, and insulin resistance, as well as a number of disease states and conditions including gastrointestinal disorders as otherwise described herein.