A method for reducing a tetrazolium salt.

Disclosed is a system, a kit, a use and an in vitro method for assessing whether a human patient suffering from periodontitis has mild periodontitis or advanced periodontitis. The system and method are based on the insight to apply a clustering technique to a reference set of patient data, and then further discriminating the sets of bio markers to be applied. The clusters are determined on the basis of the biomarkers Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF), Matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP8), and Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). The actual classification of the patient is done on the basis of the measurement of the concentrations of either of two sets of biomarkers. For one cluster these are Interleukin-1? (IL1?), Interleukin-6 (IL6), and Collagen Telopeptide. For the other cluster, these are HGF and metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP1).

Disclosed is a composition including an ODAM detecting reagent for diagnosis of periodontal diseases, and a kit and a method therefor. A marker according to the present subject matter can conveniently diagnose periodontal disease at an early stage in a noninvasive manner, thereby able to decide effective treatment of periodontal diseases as well as reduction in the ever-increasing medical cost for treating periodontal diseases.

The invention describes a method of predicting the risk of caries in a subject and a kit based on said method, characterized in that the method involves the following steps: (a) determining the concentration in the saliva of the subject of: (i) at least one compound selected from among the components of the saliva of the immune system; (ii) at least one compound selected from among those involved in microbial adhesion to a surface of the buccal cavity; and (iii) at least one compound selected from among the components involved in the metabolism or regulation of pH in the buccal cavity; (b) comparing a response variable calculated on the basis of the at least one of the concentrations determined in (i), at least one of the concentrations determined in (ii), and at least one of the concentrations determined in (iii) in step (a) with a corresponding reference response variable in a population of subjects without caries or in a population of subjects with caries; and (c) determining the risk of caries on the basis of the degree of difference in the response variable compared in step (b), wherein a higher degree of difference between the response variable of the subject and the corresponding reference response variable in a population of subjects without caries or in a population of subjects with caries is indicative of a higher risk of caries in said subject.

One or more methods for sampling gingival metabolites and biomarkers.

The invention features compositions comprising inhibitors of cobalamin biosynthesis, methods of detecting periodontal disease from a subject's subgingival plaque using a panel of biomarkers, and methods of treating periodontal disease using oral formulations.

The in vitro diagnostic method for periodontal disease of the present invention includes bringing a sample derived from an oral cavity of a subject into contact with an electrode to perform electrochemical measurement in the presence of a glucogenic amino acid and an electron mediator under an anaerobic environment and providing information for judging that periodontal disease is progressing in the oral cavity of the subject when current generation is detected as a result of the electrochemical measurement. According to the in vitro diagnostic method for periodontal disease of the present invention, it is possible to provide information for judging the progress of periodontal disease by simple operation.

Disclosed is an in vitro method for assessing whether a human patient suffering from periodontitis has mild periodontitis or advanced periodontitis. The method is based on the insight to determine a selection of three biomarker proteins. Accordingly, in a sample of saliva a patient suffering from periodontitis, the concentrations are measured of the proteins Interleukin-1 (IL-1), Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and at least one of the proteins: Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and Matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3). Based on the concentrations as measured, a value is determined reflecting the joint concentrations for said proteins. This value is compared with a threshold value reflecting in the same manner the joint concentrations associated with advanced periodontitis. The comparison allows assessing whether the testing value is indicative of the presence of advanced periodontitis or of mild periodontitis in said patient. Thereby, typically, a testing value reflecting a joint concentration below the joint concentration reflected by the threshold value is indicative for mild periodontitis in said patient, and a testing value reflecting a joint concentration at or above the joint concentration reflected by the threshold value, is indicative for advanced periodontitis in said patient.

The present invention provides non-invasive diagnostic methods and kits for determining and/or monitoring oral health and glycemic control in subjects with Type 1 diabetes.

Acidic oral compositions having calcium contents and effective pH-values in the area indicated by grey-tone in FIG. 2 are non-erosive in saliva and capable of stimulating saliva production, even in dry mouth patients. A new multi-step test method for determining erosive potential in saliva has been used for identifying the compositions.