Engineered multivalent and multispecific binding proteins, methods of making, and their uses in the prevention, diagnosis, and/or treatment of disease are provided.

The present invention provides a method of measuring the levels of BCMA in a biological sample, specifically upon the B cell surface. The diagnostic assays are useful in predicting an individual's likelihood of developing or currently suffering from an autoimmune disease, such as SLE, and for methods for treating an individual clinically diagnosed with an autoimmune disease. This diagnostic test serves to predict a patient's likelihood to respond to a specific drug treatment, in particular treatment with BLyS antagonists, either singly or in combination with other immune suppressive drugs.

A method for performing in vitro diagnosis of type 1 allergy, comprises contacting an immunoglobulin-containing body fluid sample from a patient suspected of having Type 1 allergy with an immobilized horse allergen immobilized on a solid support, and detecting the presence, in the sample, of IgE antibodies specifically binding to the horse allergen, wherein the presence of such IgE antibodies specifically binding to the horse allergen is indicative of Type 1 allergy. A method for treatment of Type 1 allergy comprises administering to an individual susceptible to such treatment, the horse allergen, or a form of the horse allergen that is modified to abrogate or attenuate its IgE binding response. The horse allergen may be produced via a vector and a host cell comprising the vector.

An immobilized polypeptide including a polypeptide bound to a surface of a polypeptide array or a chip, wherein the polypeptide has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:1 lacking the N-terminal methionine, SEQ ID NO:3 lacking the N-terminal methionine, or a combination thereof.

Methods of treating, or at least inhibiting the onset of, urate transport failure are provided. The methods can include a step for detecting variations in genes that encode ABCG2 protein. When a subject has an SNP of V12M, R113X, Q126X, Q141K, F208S, G268R, E334X, S441N, L447V, S486N, F506SfsX4, R575X, and/or C608X, it can be concluded that the subject has a factor that is capable of inducing urate transport failure, or a state or disease attributable to that failure. When a subject has an SNP of V12M, it can be concluded that, unlike the other SNPs, there is a possibility that the subject does not possess such a factor because, although this variation itself does not lead to a change in urate transport capability, said variation is related to linkage disequilibrium with other SNPs.

Provided are peptide biomarkers for diagnosis of allergy, monitoring development of clinical tolerance in an allergic individual, and predicting whether an allergic subject is likely to develop clinical or natural tolerance over time. The invention also relates to diagnostic methods and diagnostic kits employing the peptide biomarkers.

Provided herein are methods of adjusting or selecting a gluten peptide therapy based on the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype, in particular HLA-DQ2.5 homozygosity, of a subject having or suspected of having Celiac disease. Also provided herein are methods of identifying (e.g., diagnosing) a subject, such as a subject having or suspected of having Celiac disease and/or assessing the efficacy of treatment of Celiac disease, e.g. by determining responsiveness to a therapeutic gluten peptide composition or cytokine response, and kits relating thereto.

The present invention relates to compositions and methods for modulating or detecting allergy in a subject. The invention may be used to reduce allergenicity of compositions, such as food products, or to stimulate immunogenicity of products, such as vaccines by removal of cationic proteins resulting from transcription infidelity. The invention may be used in any mammal such as human.

This document relates to materials and methods for assessing and/or treating subjects (e.g., subjects having autoimmune diseases). For example, materials and methods for determining if a subject (e.g., a human having an autoimmune disease) has one or more antibodies that can be used to identify the subject as having a lower risk of cancer or as having a higher risk of cancer are provided. Materials and methods for treating a subject (e.g., a human) identified as having a higher cancer risk for cancer are also provided.

Methods for diagnosing and prognosing autoimmune diseases and T cell lymphomas are provided, for example by measuring levels of intracellular osteopontin (OPN-i). Also provided are screening methods for identifying activators and inhibitors of the transcription factor Bcl6, which is involved in T cell activation/differentiation. Other aspects of the disclosure provide methods for enhancing adoptive T cell transfer.