Methods and reagents for diagnosing, prognosing, and treating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are disclosed, involving calculating an SLE risk score for a subject based on a level of each of an erythrocyte C4d (EC4d) marker, a B-cell C4d (BC4d) marker, anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), and optional rule-out markers.

The present invention provides novel antigens of an allergy to egg, methods and kits for diagnosing an allergy to egg, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such an antigen, eggs or processed products of egg in which such an antigen is eliminated or reduced, birds that deliver such eggs or are born from such eggs, a method for producing processed products of egg in which such an antigen is eliminated or reduced, and a tester for determining the presence or absence of an egg antigen in an object of interest. The present invention also relates to polypeptides comprising an epitope of an antigen, kits, compositions and methods for diagnosing an allergy, comprising such a polypeptide, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such a polypeptide, and raw materials or processed products in which an antigen comprising such a polypeptide is eliminated or reduced. The present invention further relates to a tester for determining the presence or absence of an antigen in an object of interest.

The present invention is directed to an antibody that specifically binds an IgE receptor and methods of its use.

The current disclosure provides antibodies that bind to peptides associated with the primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDD) Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS) and X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA). The antibodies can be used in peptide immunoaffinity enrichment coupled to selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (immuno-SRM) assays for clinical diagnosis and newborn screening of WAS and XLA, among other uses.

Disclosed are compositions, methods, apparatus and kits that take advantage of peripheral blood biomarkers for diagnosing and/or monitoring the Th1 immune status of a subject. In particular, the methods, apparatus and kits are useful for diagnosis, monitoring, making treatment decisions, or management of subjects suspected of having Th1-related disease.

The invention is based on a method of modulating the activation or inhibition of Mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) protein, or a MLKL variant protein, via modulating the intramolecular interaction between the C-terminal helix (Hc) of the psK domain and a hydrophobic groove in the MLKL protein. The invention provides methods and compounds for to selectively target the herein firstly disclosed intramolecular interaction of MLKL protein. Based on the herein disclosed essential intramolecular rearrangement of MLKL, the invention provides small molecules capable of specifically inhibiting mouse or human MLKL. The invention provides uses, including medical applications such as treatments, of MLKL driven conditions including necroptosis, cell trafficking, pathological immune responses and/or inflammation.

The invention provides a method for detection of allergic inflammation in a subject that comprises assaying a test sample of peripheral blood from the subject for a marker of DNA damage. An elevated amount of marker present in the test sample compared to control sample is indicative of inflammation. The method can be adapted for quantitatively monitoring the efficacy of treatment of allergic inflammation in a subject. Markers of DNA damage include single- and/or double-stranded breaks in leukocytes, oxidative DNA damage in leukocytes, or a marker of nitric oxide oxidative activity (protein nitrosylation in leukocytes). This unexpected discovery of markers of systemic genotoxicity present in circulating leukocytes enables detection of allergic inflammation with a relatively simple and minimally invasive assay using peripheral blood.

The present invention relates to the finding that TL1A enhances differentiation of TH17 cells, and enhance IL17 secretion from TH17 cells. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of treating an inflammatory disease comprising determining the presence of a TL1A signaling profile, and treating the disease by administering a composition comprising a therapeutically effective dosage of one or more inhibitors of TL1A or TH17 cell differentiation. In another embodiment, the disease is characterized by TH17 differentiation.

The invention relates to the field of medical diagnostics. In particular, it relates method and kits for identification and classification of IgE-related diseases, e.g. Type I hypersensitivity, as well as for monitoring of treatment efficacy, for instance anti-IgE therapy. Provided is a multi-color flow cytometric method for analyzing memory B cell and plasma cell subsets in a biological sample, comprising staining the sample with a panel of fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies comprising antibodies against IgM, IgA, IgG, IgD and IgE; an antibody against a B cell marker and an antibody against the CD38 antigen; subjecting the sample to flow cytometry and gating for lymphocytes based on forward scatter and side scatter pattern; gating the lymphocytes for expression of the B cell specific marker and CD38 to discriminate between CD38.sup.dim memory B cells and CD38.sup.hi plasma cells; and quantitating the IgE+ cells within the memory B cell population and/or the plasma cell population by the negative selection of cells expressing IgM, IgA, IgG and/or IgD and the positive selection of IgE expressing cells.

The invention provides a method of quantifying multiple antigen-specific immunoglobulins in a test sample, the method comprising utilising a serial dilution of anti-immunoglobulin antibodies, fragments or derivatives thereof, immobilised on a solid support in combination with a serial dilution of a reference sample of immunoglobulin to generate multiple binding capacity curves. Such binding capacity curves are matched to specific dose response curves generated for each specific antigen to be tested using serum samples of known reactivity to those antigens to provide a calibration system that enables more accurate analysis of antigen-specific immunoglobulin in a sample. The invention also provides methods for calibrating a device suitable for assaying multiple antigen-specific immunoglobulins binding to multiple antigens or fragments thereof immobilised on a solid support. A multi-allergen test system and kits for use in the methods are also provided.