The present invention relates to methods and systems for predicting the likelihood of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in adult subjects. The invention further relates to methods of treatment and identification of subjects with an increased likelihood of developing ARDS as determined by the disclosed methods.

The present invention relates to the treatment of pancreatic cancer. In this study, the results of the inventors led them to highlight the non-explored but relevant pathway in the pancreatic cancer field, the Fatty Acid Oxidation (FAO) pathway. Interestingly, they found that the mitochondrial respiration of PDAC cells depends mostly on this pathway. Thus they hypothesized that inhibition of FAO could be an effective therapeutic strategy against PDAC. 10 Their data support the hypothesis that this metabolic pathway plays a crucial role in PDAC, as it has been reported in other types of cancer. Thus, the invention relates to an inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) for use in the treatment of pancreatic cancer in a patient in need thereof.

Provided is a method for the quantitative and/or qualitative determination of bioindicators, including the following steps: a) immobilizing capture molecules for the bioindicators on a substrate; b) bringing the bioindicators of a sample into contact with the capture molecules; c) immobilizing the bioindicators on the substrate by binding to capture molecules; d) bringing the bioindicators into contact with probes containing at least one detection molecule, and e) removing non-specifically bound molecules and particles; and f) binding the probes to the bioindicators, wherein the probes are capable of emitting a specific detection signal and steps b) and d) can take place simultaneously or d) before b), and wherein probes and capture molecules are used which have affine molecules or molecule parts that bind to at least one specific binding site of the bioindicators and these affine molecules or molecule parts of the probes and capture molecules do not overlap one another.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide: a method for testing the aggravation risk for a person infected with the COVID-19 virus, the method allowing the use of urine as a test sample; a test kit for the method; and a companion diagnostic drug and an aggravation risk marker thereof. The present invention is a method that includes a step for determining the amount of liver fatty acid binding protein in urine sampled from a subject, and that tests the aggravation risk of SARS-CoV-2 infectious disease (COVID-19) on the basis of the quantitative determination result.

The disclosure provides biomarkers for ALS. The disclosure also provides various methods of using the biomarkers, including methods for diagnosis of ALS, methods of determining predisposition to ALS, methods of monitoring progression/regression of ALS, methods of assessing efficacy of treatment modalities for treating ALS, methods of screening compositions for activity in modulating biomarkers of ALS, methods of treating ALS, as well as other methods based on biomarkers of ALS. The disclosure also provides various methods of treating other diseases, disorders, and conditions. One method includes analyzing levels of alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT, also known as AAT or PI), encoded by the serpinA1 gene or protein as a biomarker indicative of ALS. The levels or concentrations of the biomarkers can be used to determine the onset of ALS, monitor the progression of ALS, or monitor the progression of a treatment for ALS.

The present invention relates to an in vitro method for predicting the response of a bladder cancer patient to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy, comprising determining the expression level or ratio of expression levels of miRNAs or combinations of miRNAs in a sample and comparing said expression level, or ratio of expression levels, to a reference value, wherein a difference in said comparison is indicative of said patient’s response to BCG therapy. The present invention also relates to kits for carrying out such methods and to uses of miRNAs, or combinations of miRNAs, to predict whether or not a bladder cancer patient will respond to BCG therapy.

The present invention relates to methods of diagnosing and/or treating head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in a subject. The present invention further relates to methods of diagnosing and/or treating head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in a subject, wherein the subject has been diagnosed as being positive for human papillomavirus (HPV

Methods are disclosed for treating a subject with a tumor. These methods include administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of CD8.sup.+CD39.sup.+CD103.sup.+ T cells. Methods also are disclosed for isolating a nucleic acid encoding a T cell receptor (TCR) that specifically binds a tumor cell antigen. These methods include isolating CD8.sup.+CD39.sup.+CD103.sup.+ T cells from a sample from a subject with a tumor expressing the tumor cell antigen, and cloning a nucleic acid molecule encoding a TCR from the CD8.sup.+CD39.sup.+CD103.sup.+ T cells. In addition, methods are disclosed for expanding CD8.sup.+CD39.sup.+CD103.sup.+ T cells. In additional embodiments, methods are disclosed for determining if a subject with a tumor will respond to a checkpoint inhibitor. The methods include detecting the presence of CD8.sup.+CD39.sup.+CD103.sup.+ T cells in a biological sample from a subject.

Described herein are methods for treating rheumatoid arthritis by determining whether a subject having rheumatoid arthritis will respond to an anti-TNF-alpha therapy based on the number of innate and adaptive immune cells in a sample from the subject prior to treatment.

Methods for detecting cancer cells, or aggressive cancers, by measuring levels of cardiolipin molecules are provided. Methods of treating identified cancers are likewise provided.