The invention provides methods and compositions for early diagnosis and treatment of a disease associated with a specific antibody by employing the detection of a cross-idiotypic epitope on the specific antibody to detect the cells that produce the antibody before the development of clinical symptoms of the disease.

Anti-PD-L1 antibodies are disclosed. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising such antibodies, and methods of using such antibodies to restore T-cell function in T-cells exhibiting T-cell exhaustion or T-cell anergy.

The present invention provides for systems and methods for inhaled CO therapy to prevent, attenuate, or delay processes that accelerate the loss of organ or tissue function, thereby increasing the lifespan of transplanted organs or tissues, or slowing the decline of native organs or tissues, or delaying the need for replacement of diseased native organs with organ transplants. Such biological processes that are prevented, attenuated, or delayed include chronic persistent inflammation, fibrosis, scarring, as well as immunologic or autoimmune attack.

Bufalin phosphate prodrugs are provided herein, as well as methods for their use as small molecule inhibitors of steroid receptor coactivator (SRC) family proteins. Methods for using bufalin phosphate prodrugs in treating or preventing cancer are also provided herein.

The present invention relates to biomarkers that are predictive of renal disease in patients who have diabetes. The present invention also provides methods of using such biomarkers to predict the risk that a diabetic patient will develop renal disease, and/or to identify a patient who has diabetes as being in need of a therapy to prevent or delay the onset of a renal disease.

Methods and compositions for risk detection, early diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of sleepiness in an individual by measuring the amount of specific biomarkers present in a bodily fluid and comparing them to a reference level of biomarkers in a sample from a healthy person, a person previously diagnosed with sleepiness, or an earlier sample from the individual of interest.

The present disclosure provides a method and system for estimating the clinical responsiveness of a patient to a dose of a plasminogen activating agent to treat a thrombosis, comprising determining a concentration of α2-antiplasmin in a blood sample of the patient, determining a concentration of activated fibrinolysis inhibitor (“TAFI”) in the blood sample, determining a concentration of plasminogen activator Inhibitor 1 (“PAI-1”) in the blood sample, computing a clot lysis time (“CLT”) based on the concentrations of a2-antiplasmin, TAFI and PAI-1 using the equation CLT=−2,813.6+31.1*a2-antiplasmin (percent activity)+31.1*TAFI (percent activity)+1.49 PAI-1 (ug/L), and determining that the patient is at increased risk of hemorrhage when the computed CLT is less than a first predetermined cutoff time.

The invention provides the art with a powerful diagnostic method of distinguishing relapse-remitting MS subjects from progressive MS subjects, based on the measurement of serum concentrations of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc,), for the first time enabling rapid diagnosis of the progressive form of MS. GlcNAc serum concentration can also be used to assess neurodegenerative status and MS progression in subjects suffering from MS or other neurological conditions. The methods of the invention also allow for the identification of new therapeutics for MS and other neurological conditions and also enables the personalized efficacy assessment of a potential therapy for an MS subject.

Methods for the detection, enumeration and analysis of circulating tumor cells expressing insulin-like growth factor-1 receptors (IGF-1R) are disclosed. These methods are useful for cancer screening and staging, development of treatment regimens, and for monitoring for treatment responses, cancer recurrence or the like. Test kits that facilitate the detection, enumeration and analysis of such circulating tumor cells are also provided.

In the field of therapy, specifically patient-specific immune therapy for cancer, improved therapeutic modalities are provided for. The identity and dosage of the administered anti-tumor antibodies is determined and dynamically adjusted to the individual patient's condition, disease and/or treatment progression, thus providing anti-cancer treatment which may be particularly advantageous for the treatment of heterogeneous tumors.