The present invention relates to a method of stratifying a subject having no symptoms of acute tonsillitis for tonsillectomy or tonsillotomy, to a method of diagnosing recurrent tonsillitis in a subject having no symptoms of acute tonsillitis and to a method of predicting the risk or the predisposition for recurrence of acute tonsillitis (RAT) in a subject having no symptoms of acute tonsillitis. These methods ae based on the determination of the biomarkers IL-1 β, IL-18 and S100A8/S100A9 in said subject.

The present disclosure provides methods for classifying a cell as abnormal based on HD5 protein detection as well as methods for predicting prognosis of a subject with Crohn's disease based on HD5 protein detection.

Provided herein are compositions, systems, and methods for assessing and monitory disease stage and phases, predicting likelihood of disease progression, and predicting and monitoring responses to disease therapies (e.g., in HBV infection).

The instant disclosure provides biomarkers and methods for identifying subjects at risk of relapse or suitable for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant after adoptive immunotherapy to guide preemptive intervention, modified therapy, or the like. Exemplary biomarkers include pre-lymphodepletion levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), pre-lymphodepletion levels of platelets, levels of MCP-1, levels of IL-17, and pre-treatment regimen disease pathology. Based on the determined risk-relapse profile, an at-risk subject may be treated with pre-emptive therapy, while a subject not at risk for relapse may not receive further treatment, or may receive an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Also provided are methods for treating a hematological malignancy, wherein certain embodiments of the methods comprise adoptive cell therapy in the context of BTK-inhibitor therapy and/or BTK-inhibitor therapy in the context of adoptive cell therapy. Also provided are methods for treating follicular lymphoma (FL).

Methods are described for identifying CDI patients as well as CDI patients at risk for recurrence. Embodiments include: (1) flow cytometry of circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to phenotype for the less efficient immunoglobulin response to bacterial toxins and surface antigens that characterizes patients who will become recurrent; (2) stratification by means of complete blood count (CBC) using a Coulter counter to detect the differences in lower angle light scatter (LAL), which has a larger range in the recurrent population; and (3) stratification by means of complete blood count (CBC) using a Coulter counter to detect the lower axial light loss (AL2) exhibited in recurrent patients.

This disclosure describes the characteristics of the “energetic” cancer stem cell (e-CSC) phenotype. This distinct sub-population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has a unique energetic profile compared to bulk CSCs, being more glycolytic, having higher mitochondrial mass and elevated oxidative metabolism. e-CSCs also show an increased capacity to undergo cell cycle progression, enhanced anchorage-independent growth, and ALDH-positivity. The e-CSC phenotype presents new targets for cancer therapeutics, and in particular the anti-oxidant response, mitochondrial energy production, and mitochondrial biogenesis of e-CSCs makes them highly susceptible to mitochondrial inhibitors that target e-CSC anti-oxidant response, mitochondrial energy production, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Gene products for e-CSCs are disclosed, as well as classes of mitochondrial inhibiting therapeutic agents. Also disclosed are methods for identifying and separating e-CSCs from bulk cell populations.

The present disclosure relates to methods of extracting DNA from urine and methods of analyzing DNA in a urine sample. Methods are provided for extracting ctDNA from a urine sample and analyzing the extracted ctDNA for mutations indicative of a disease. The disclosure also relates to compositions for use in such methods.

Embodiments discussed herein facilitate determination of risk of relapse of AML post-transplant. One example embodiment is a method, comprising: accessing a digital whole slide image (WSI) comprising a post-transplant bone marrow aspirate from a patient that has acute myeloid leukemia (AML); segmenting one or more myeloblasts on the digital WSI; extracting one or more features from the segmented one or more myeloblasts; providing the one or more features extracted from the segmented one or more myeloblasts to a trained machine learning model; and receiving, from the trained machine learning model, an indication of a risk of relapse of the AML.

The use of differentiation marker CD89 for the detection of cellular reservoirs of a mammalian immunodeficiency virus. Also the use of the differentiation marker CD89 for making a prognosis, diagnosing a remission, and evaluating the efficacy of treatment of the mammalian immunodeficiency. A multi-specific antibody that recognizes both at least one epitope of CD89 and at least one characteristic of the lymphocyte cells, a composition including the antibody, and the use of the antibody for treatment.

Provided herein are methods for assessing risk of infection or cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a subject with an inflammatory disease, e.g., rheumatoid arthritis. The methods include performing immunoassays to generate scores based on quantitative data for expression of biomarkers relating to inflammatory biomarkers with or without additional clinical variables to assess infection and CVD risk. Also provided are uses of inflammatory biomarkers for guiding treatment decisions.