According to aspects of the embodiments, there is provided a method of measuring the amount of fountain solution using a hot wire anemometer. Fountain solution thickness is measured using the flow rate of vaporized fountain solution and comparing to baseline air only flow rate. The vaporized measurement is correlated with the baseline utilizing specific heat, density and enthalpy values and keeping velocity of fluid constant. Changes in the measurement will then be related to the specific heat, density and enthalpy. Density can be back calculated to yield volume and knowing the area of the image being printed give a real time thickness value.

According to aspects of the embodiments, there is provided a method of measuring the amount of fountain solution using a hot wire anemometer. Fountain solution thickness is measured using the flow rate of vaporized fountain solution and comparing to baseline air only flow rate. The vaporized measurement is correlated with the baseline utilizing specific heat, density and enthalpy values and keeping velocity of fluid constant. Changes in the measurement will then be related to the specific heat, density and enthalpy. Density can be back calculated to yield volume and knowing the area of the image being printed give a real time thickness value.

A sensor includes a heater, a thermal insulator between two thermometer layers, the heater generating a thermal gradient within the thermal insulator. The thermometers give an indirect measurement of fluid flow around the sensor, based on their temperature readings. The thermometers are flexible layers including gels.

A sensor includes a heater, a thermal insulator between two thermometer layers, the heater generating a thermal gradient within the thermal insulator. The thermometers give an indirect measurement of fluid flow around the sensor, based on their temperature readings. The thermometers are flexible layers including gels.

A two-dimensional wind-speed and wind-direction sensor and a system thereof are provided, relating to the field of sensing devices, in order to alleviate the problem that the prior art fails to meet the user's demand for measuring two-dimensional wind speed and wind direction, and thus results in poor user experience, and to improve the user experience. The two-dimensional wind-speed and wind-direction sensor includes: an X-direction wind speed probe assembly and a Y-direction wind speed probe assembly, the X-direction wind speed probe assembly and the Y-direction wind speed probe assembly are perpendicular to each other, and the X-direction wind speed probe assembly is configured to measure a X-direction wind speed including a wind speed in the reverse direction of an X-axis, Vx−, and a wind speed in the forward direction of the X-axis Vx+; and the Y-direction wind speed probe assembly is configured to measure a Y-direction wind speed including a wind speed in reverse direction of an Y-axis, Vy−, and a wind speed in the forward direction of the Y-axis, Vy+. In addition, the sensor has a simple structure and a small volume, and is convenient to be installed; and has a high sensitivity, enabling a high-precision measurement of a low wind speed, thereby ensuring accuracy of the measurement of two-dimensional wind speed and wind direction; and also has the advantages of safety and reliability.

A two-dimensional wind-speed and wind-direction sensor and a system thereof are provided, relating to the field of sensing devices, in order to alleviate the problem that the prior art fails to meet the user's demand for measuring two-dimensional wind speed and wind direction, and thus results in poor user experience, and to improve the user experience. The two-dimensional wind-speed and wind-direction sensor includes: an X-direction wind speed probe assembly and a Y-direction wind speed probe assembly, the X-direction wind speed probe assembly and the Y-direction wind speed probe assembly are perpendicular to each other, and the X-direction wind speed probe assembly is configured to measure a X-direction wind speed including a wind speed in the reverse direction of an X-axis, Vx−, and a wind speed in the forward direction of the X-axis Vx+; and the Y-direction wind speed probe assembly is configured to measure a Y-direction wind speed including a wind speed in reverse direction of an Y-axis, Vy−, and a wind speed in the forward direction of the Y-axis, Vy+. In addition, the sensor has a simple structure and a small volume, and is convenient to be installed; and has a high sensitivity, enabling a high-precision measurement of a low wind speed, thereby ensuring accuracy of the measurement of two-dimensional wind speed and wind direction; and also has the advantages of safety and reliability.

A thermal flow velocity and flow rate sensor includes: a substrate; a heater mounted on the substrate; a temperature measuring element mounted on the substrate; a joint portion made of a resin filled between the heater and the temperature measuring element and thermally connecting the heater and the temperature measuring element; a lead wire connected to the substrate; and a fastener fixing the lead wire to the substrate. The lead wire is soldered to the substrate. The lead wire and the fastener are coated with the resin.

A synchronous measurement system for a velocity and a temperature of an engine plume flow field is provided. The system includes multiple mid infrared lasers, a signal generator, two optical fiber amplifiers, two groups of optical fiber couplers, a photoelectric detector, a data acquisition device, and a host. The four mid infrared lasers are divided into two groups, one group is configured to emit two beams of first mid infrared lasers, and the other group to emit two beams of second mid infrared lasers. Each group of optical fiber couplers is arranged at an outlet of an engine through a mounting frame which are perpendicular to each other. The data acquisition device acquires photoelectric signals and processes them into corresponding spectral data. The host processes the spectral data to obtain the velocity and the temperature of the engine plume flow field.

A sensor includes a heater, a thermal insulator between two thermometer layers, the heater generating a thermal gradient within the thermal insulator. The thermometers give an indirect measurement of fluid flow around the sensor, based on their temperature readings. The thermometers are flexible layers including gels.

A sensor includes a heater, a thermal insulator between two thermometer layers, the heater generating a thermal gradient within the thermal insulator. The thermometers give an indirect measurement of fluid flow around the sensor, based on their temperature readings. The thermometers are flexible layers including gels.