A wind speed specification system according to the present disclosure includes an optical fiber (10) laid around a power transmission line (40), a reception unit (20) that receives an optical signal including information indicating a sound generated when an airflow hits the optical fiber (10), from the optical fiber (10), and a specification unit (32) that specifies a wind speed around the optical fiber (10), based on information indicating a sound that is included in the optical signal.

A method of fluid flow measurement includes a emitting a light beam into a pipe through which a fluid flows, the light beam illuminating the fluid flowing in the pipe, using a light detector array to detect light caused by scattering of the beam with particles found in the fluid, the light beam being outside a field of view of the light detector array, dividing the field of view of the light detector array into layers, and determining an instantaneous flow velocity in each of the layers as a function of signals transmitted from the light detector array in each of the layers.

The invention describes a device (1) for characterizing the rough profile of a tissue sample comprising: a laser source (2) that illuminates the surface (100) of the tissue; a photodetector (3) that receives the light backscattered by the surface (100) of the tissue; and further a displacement means (4) configured to alternate between a first position wherein a rotating ground glass (5) is disposed within the path of the laser beam towards the surface (100), a second position wherein a rotating half wave blade (6) is disposed within the path of the laser beam towards the surface (100); and a third position wherein within the path of the laser beam towards the surface (100) neither the ground glass plate (5) nor the half wave blade (6) are arranged, or the half wave blade (6) is arranged in a fixed non-rotating position.

A laser rangefinder may include a housing supporting an objective optic, an eyepiece optic, and a view-thru display. The view-thru display may be located along an optical path between the objective optic and the eyepiece optic. The view-thru display may comprise a first transparent sheet and a plurality of electrodes disposed on a first inner surface of the first transparent sheet. The view-thru display may be disposed rearward of the objective optic and the eyepiece optic may be disposed rearward of the view-thru display assembly so that a scene or subject can be viewed through the eyepiece optic and a plurality of display elements selectively displayed by the view-thru display assembly are superimposed on the scene or subject being viewed. Information regarding wind in proximity to the laser rangefinder may be presented on the view-thru display.

Disclosed is an optical fiber flow velocity measuring apparatus and method integrating high and low ranges. The apparatus includes an integrated optical fiber flow velocity sensor, the integrated optical fiber flow velocity sensor includes a sensor body; a fluid channel, a fluid through hole, a full-pressure channel, a static-pressure channel, a low-pressure chamber and a high-pressure chamber are provided inside the sensor body; a first optical fiber sensing element is provided between the low-pressure chamber and the high-pressure chamber; a second optical fiber sensing element is provided in the fluid through hole and is perpendicular to a flow direction of a fluid to be measured; the first optical fiber sensing element and the second optical fiber sensing element are sequentially connected in series through a single-mode optical fiber; both ends of the single-mode optical fiber are connected into a wavelength division multiplexer; a pump light source is connected with the wavelength division multiplexer through a common optical fiber; an optical fiber grating demodulator is connected with the wavelength division multiplexer through a common optical fiber; and a flow velocity arithmetic unit is electrically connected with a optical fiber grating demodulator. It's an object of the present disclosure to solve the problems that the electric circuit is too complicated and that it is not easy to integrate in one apparatus when flow velocity conversion devices based on different principles are integrated.

Disclosed is an optical fiber flow velocity measuring apparatus and method integrating high and low ranges. The apparatus includes an integrated optical fiber flow velocity sensor, the integrated optical fiber flow velocity sensor includes a sensor body; a fluid channel, a fluid through hole, a full-pressure channel, a static-pressure channel, a low-pressure chamber and a high-pressure chamber are provided inside the sensor body; a first optical fiber sensing element is provided between the low-pressure chamber and the high-pressure chamber; a second optical fiber sensing element is provided in the fluid through hole and is perpendicular to a flow direction of a fluid to be measured; the first optical fiber sensing element and the second optical fiber sensing element are sequentially connected in series through a single-mode optical fiber; both ends of the single-mode optical fiber are connected into a wavelength division multiplexer; a pump light source is connected with the wavelength division multiplexer through a common optical fiber; an optical fiber grating demodulator is connected with the wavelength division multiplexer through a common optical fiber; and a flow velocity arithmetic unit is electrically connected with a optical fiber grating demodulator. It's an object of the present disclosure to solve the problems that the electric circuit is too complicated and that it is not easy to integrate in one apparatus when flow velocity conversion devices based on different principles are integrated.

A wind estimation system for an aircraft includes a first sensor configured to sense a first position associated with an aircraft control component in a wind condition, a second sensor configured to sense a first configuration associated with a rotor system of the aircraft in the wind condition, and at least one controller in communication with at least one of the first sensor or the second sensor. The at least one controller is configured to determine a tip-path-plane angle of the aircraft based on the first position and the first configuration, and determine at least one of a current wind speed or current wind direction based on the tip-path-plane angle.

An apparatus includes a pipe through which a multiphase fluid flows, with a transparent window structure formed in the pipe. A collimated light source emits light through the transparent window structure into the pipe having a wavelength at which a component of a desired phase of the multiphase fluid is absorptive. A photodetector is positioned such that the emitted light passes through the multiphase fluid in the pipe to impinge upon the photodetector. The photodetector has an actual dynamic range for collimated light detection. Processing circuitry is configured to continuously adjust a power of the collimated light source dependent upon an output level of the photodetector so as to cause measurement of the emitted light over an effective dynamic range greater than the actual dynamic range, and determine a property of the multiphase fluid as a function of the power of the collimated light source.

An apparatus includes a pipe through which a multiphase fluid flows, with a transparent window structure formed in the pipe. A collimated light source emits light through the transparent window structure into the pipe having a wavelength at which a component of a desired phase of the multiphase fluid is absorptive. A photodetector is positioned such that the emitted light passes through the multiphase fluid in the pipe to impinge upon the photodetector. The photodetector has an actual dynamic range for collimated light detection. Processing circuitry is configured to continuously adjust a power of the collimated light source dependent upon an output level of the photodetector so as to cause measurement of the emitted light over an effective dynamic range greater than the actual dynamic range, and determine a property of the multiphase fluid as a function of the power of the collimated light source.

A speed calculator 16 selects a speed calculation method corresponding to a peak value of an SNR which is detected by a peak SNR detector 15 from among a plurality of speed calculation methods of calculating the speed (wind speed) of an aerosol to calculate the speed (wind speed) of the aerosol according to the speed calculation method. As a result, there is provided an advantage of being able to calculate the speed (wind speed) of the aerosol in a short time with a high degree of accuracy.