Provided is a protective headgear that includes a first shell section, second shell section, third shell section, and fourth shell section. The first shell section is configured to extend about a head of the user, and include a first central portion, a first strap and a second strap that extend from the first shell section. The first central portion includes a first protective layer and a second protective layer disposed atop the first protective layer. The second shell section is configured to extend about a jaw of the user, and include a second central portion, a third strap and a fourth strap that extend from the second shell section. The third shell section is connected to the first shell section by the first strap and the third strap, and the fourth shell section is connected to the second shell section by the second strap and the fourth strap.

An impact reducing headgear is disclosed which utilizes dynamically responsive materials which undergo physical changes during exposure to impact forces, such that physical changes or phase changes absorb energy. The helmet may be constructed with a dual shell structure and a bladder, where the dynamically responsive materials may be contained.

A padding assembly for a helmet includes a plurality of pads that is configured to couple to an external surface of the helmet, such as a football helmet. The pads are configured to absorb a force from an impact to the helmet when the helmet is positioned on a head of a user. The force of the impact to the head of the user is reduced.

An impact reducing headgear is disclosed which utilizes dynamically responsive materials which undergo physical changes during exposure to impact forces, such that physical changes or phase changes absorb energy. The helmet may be constructed with a dual shell structure and a bladder, where the dynamically responsive materials may be contained. A embodiment for a comfortable fit which remains tight to the wearer's head is disclosed.

A composite element for the realization of protection devices of parts of the human body includes a matrix, a reinforcing element, at least partially embedded in the matrix, wherein the reinforcing element has at least one opening shaped so as to define an undercut between the matrix and the reinforcing element, such undercut being suitable for determining a mechanical constraint between the matrix and the reinforcement element.

The present invention provides a protective headgear having a multi-layered shell to attenuate amplitude of incident mechanical waves of a blunt trauma to a human head by inducing destructive interference with the incident mechanical waves through phase reversal of reflected mechanical waves reflecting off a boundary between two adjacent layers of the protective headgear, and by coaxially converging the phase-reversed reflected mechanical waves with the incident mechanical waves. The multi-layered shell is configured to equally protect people having a similar size of head but with a range of body weight.

A protective helmet as disclosed herein, particularly for sport activities and the like, comprises an outer protective cap, a first outer protective shell positioned inside and coupled to said outer protective cap, a second inner protective shell positioned inside and coupled to said first outer protective shell, and coupling means between said first outer protective shell and said second inner protective shell. The coupling means comprise first damping means and second mechanical retaining means spaced apart from each other and positioned in corresponding seats of said first outer shell and second inner shell.

Protective headgear assemblies are provided that reduces the impact forces by spreading them laterally and uses air to resist the impact forces and decrease the rate of deceleration of the human head on impact, can have an energy absorbent inflatable outer shell made of uniformly consistent viscoelastic material in contact with and placed directly on the outer surface of a rigid helmet; the outer shell layer having an inner layer and an outer layer separated into segments by partitions; the segments having openings into a common collector segment having an air valve to receive air from outside of the outer shell; the openings providing a restricted passage for the air in the segments to escape into the collector segment then distributed into remaining segments on impact, then returning to equilibrium after the impact.

A flex cell for absorbing energy from an applied force includes a panel attached to a flex cage. The flex cage is made from a resilient material that allows deformation of the flex cage when a force is applied to the flex cell. The flex cell is attachable to a support surface. In some instances, the flex cell is detached from the support surface when sufficient force is applied to the flex cell.

An impact protective structure including a plurality of individual impact members assembled in a scaled and/or overlapped configuration. As a result, upon impact, an individual flexible impact member bends and spreads the impact to adjacent, overlapping impact members to gradually slow the acceleration to a stop. An advantage of the present scaled configuration of impact members provide a gradual deceleration during impact, therefore, improving the protection of a user's body. The base or receiver of the impact members is rigid, and can be a separate from the impact members. A further advantage of the present invention is that the impact members can be configured in a curved structure, doubly-curved structure, and planar structure.