A ground-fault detecting device includes: a first detecting module, having a first input terminal, a second input terminal, and a third input terminal coupled to a first-phase electric power, a second-phase electric power, and a third-phase electric power on an AC side of a photovoltaic power generating system respectively, for sampling voltages of the first-phase electric power, the second-phase electric power, and the third-phase electric power to generate a first sampled voltage, a second sampled voltage, and a third sampled voltage respectively; and a controller, coupled to the first detecting module, for determining if a ground-fault occurs in the AC side before the photovoltaic power generating system is connected to a grid according to the first sampled voltage, the second sampled voltage, and the third sampled voltage; wherein the controller generates an alarm signal when the ground-fault occurs in the AC side.

A method of evaluating a power storage device includes at least [a] to [f] below. [a] A power storage device is prepared. [b] A charge level of the power storage device is adjusted to produce a first potential difference between a positive electrode and a negative electrode. [c] The positive electrode or the negative electrode is selected as a reference electrode. [d] After the charge level is adjusted, an operation to insert a conductive rod-shaped member into a stack portion along a direction of stack of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is performed while a second potential difference between the reference electrode and the rod-shaped member is measured. [e] The rod-shaped member is stopped. [f] The power storage device is evaluated based on a state of the power storage device after the rod-shaped member is stopped.

A method of evaluating a power storage device includes at least [a] to [f] below. [a] A power storage device is prepared. [b] A charge level of the power storage device is adjusted to produce a first potential difference between a positive electrode and a negative electrode. [c] The positive electrode or the negative electrode is selected as a reference electrode. [d] After the charge level is adjusted, an operation to insert a conductive rod-shaped member into a stack portion along a direction of stack of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is performed while a second potential difference between the reference electrode and the rod-shaped member is measured. [e] The rod-shaped member is stopped. [f] The power storage device is evaluated based on a state of the power storage device after the rod-shaped member is stopped.

A main electrical cabling is subject to variations in ambient temperature over its length. A detection system for detecting fault in the main electrical cabling able to cause a serial arc, or heating within a connection, includes a monitor electrical cabling placed as a return loop alongside the main electrical cabling, a monitoring device, and a return cable bringing back electrical potential at the output of the main electrical cabling to the monitoring device. The monitoring device includes a controllable current generator injecting, into the monitor electrical cable, a current dependent on current flowing through the main electrical cabling. Electronic circuitry determines a difference in voltages at inputs and outputs of the main electrical cabling and of the monitor electrical cabling, to detect a potential fault in the main electrical cabling leading to a serial arc or increase in temperature. A fault in the main electrical cabling is detected despite variations in temperature.

The Robust Safe Switch and Control Device is an “Internet of Things” end effecter that provides a minimally dissipating, robust switch tightly integrated with circuit, life and property automated safety features. The device enables extended sensing and monitoring capabilities that enable the effective management of the “Internet of Things.”

Disclosed is a method and system for detecting faults of a battery heating system and relays. In particular, a method for detecting welding of each relay such as a main relay, a precharge relay or a heater relay and a method for detecting a fault of a battery heating system such as a short circuit, disconnection or damage of each heater are provided by sensing a voltage. In the methods, the on/off state of the heater relay and the high voltage relays is controlled through a predetermined process to detect a fault of the heater relay or the high voltage relay, and welding of the heater relay or the high voltage relay is then detected from a voltage for fault detection which is sensed through a voltage sensing circuit unit for fault detection.

A method for identifying a faulty component in a plasma tool is described. The method includes accessing a measurement of a parameter received from a frequency generator and measurement device. The measurement is generated based on a plurality of radio frequency (RF) signals that are provided to a portion of a plasma tool. The RF signals have one or more ranges of frequencies. The method further includes determining whether the parameter indicates an error, which indicates a fault in the portion of the plasma tool. The method includes identifying limits of the frequencies in which the error occurs and identifying based on the limits of the frequencies in which the error occurs one or more components of the portion of the plasma tool creating the error.

In an example, monitoring circuitry includes a first and a second coupling to electrically connect the monitoring circuitry to a monitored circuit having a resistance. The resistance of the monitored circuit may be indicative of a status, and the monitored circuit may be connected in series between the first and second coupling. The first coupling comprises a plurality of galvanically separated connection elements which are to form an electrical connection with a common connection element of the monitored circuit. The monitoring circuitry further comprises a monitoring apparatus to determine the resistance of the monitored circuit via the first coupling and the second coupling. The monitoring apparatus is to acquire a plurality of electrical values and to use the plurality of electrical values to determine a value of the resistance of the monitored circuit.

In an example, monitoring circuitry includes a first and a second coupling to electrically connect the monitoring circuitry to a monitored circuit having a resistance. The resistance of the monitored circuit may be indicative of a status, and the monitored circuit may be connected in series between the first and second coupling. The first coupling comprises a plurality of galvanically separated connection elements which are to form an electrical connection with a common connection element of the monitored circuit. The monitoring circuitry further comprises a monitoring apparatus to determine the resistance of the monitored circuit via the first coupling and the second coupling. The monitoring apparatus is to acquire a plurality of electrical values and to use the plurality of electrical values to determine a value of the resistance of the monitored circuit.

A driver circuit arrangement for driving a transistor bridge, which includes at least a first half-bridge composed of a low-side transistor and a high-side transistor, is described herein. In accordance with one example of the description, the circuit includes a current source and a detection circuit. The current source is operably coupled to the high-side transistor of the first half-bridge and configured to supply a test current to the first half bridge. The detection circuit is configured to compare a voltage sense signal, which represents the voltage across the high-side transistor of the first half-bridge, with at least one first threshold to detect, dependent on the result of this comparison, whether a short-circuit is present in the first half-bridge.