A method of determining an absolute angle of a magnetic field includes receiving a first digital measurement value Bx of a first magnetic field component indicating intensity of the magnetic field along a first axis; receiving a second digital measurement value Bz of a second magnetic field component indicating the intensity of the magnetic field along a second axis, orthogonal to the first axis; determining absolute values for the first and second magnetic field components; and determining the angle of the magnetic field with respect to the first or second axis. The angle is determined so that the angle is derivable from the value of arcsin of Bz or of its approximation, when the absolute value of Bz≤ the absolute value of Bx, and derivable from the value of arccos of Bx or of its approximation, when the absolute value of Bz> the absolute value of Bx.

A sensor system for measuring a physical quantity includes: a bridge sensor having at least two terminal pairs, a current source for applying a bias current between the bias terminal pair, resulting in a differential sensor signal on a readout terminal pair, wherein the differential sensor signal is indicative for the physical quantity, and an amplifier comprising a first input node and a second input node for receiving the differential signal and at least one output node, wherein the amplifier is configured for amplifying the differential sensor signal and putting the resulting signal on the at least one output node, wherein the sensor system is configured such that, in operation, the amplifier is powered by at least part of the bias current.

A method and system for rotating a vector, including at least one lookup table (LUT) including data corresponding to the vector being rotated around a first angle and a second angle, processing circuitry configured for accessing the at least one LUT for incrementally rotating the vector around the first and second angles, where accessing includes identifying an LUT input entry and selecting a corresponding LUT output entry, the corresponding output entry including an incremental angular rotation (IAR) of the vector around the first angle or the second angle, and a comparator configured to generate a comparator signal based upon comparing a counter incremented by the IAR with the first angle or the second angle, the processing circuitry further configured to iteratively access the at least one LUT, based on the comparator signal, for completing the incremental rotation of the vector around the first angle and the second angle.

A magnetic sensor includes first to fourth resistors, a power supply port, a ground port, a first output port, and a second output port. The first resistor and the second resistor are located in a first region and connected in series via a first connection point connected to the first output port. The third resistor and the fourth resistor are located in a second region and connected in series via a second connection point connected to the second output port, at least a part of the second region being located at a position different from the first region in a direction parallel to an X direction. The first and second resistors are located between the third and fourth resistors in a direction parallel to a Y direction.

In one aspect, a bridge includes a first magnetoresistance element having a first reference angle, a second magnetoresistance element in series with the first magnetoresistance element and having a second reference angle, a third magnetoresistance element in parallel with the first magnetoresistance element and having the first reference angle and a fourth magnetoresistance element in series with the third magnetoresistance element and having the second reference angle. An output of the bridge has a linear response over a range of horizontal magnetic field intensity values not centered about a zero value and a reference angle indicates an angle the magnetoresistance element is most sensitive to changes in a magnetic field.

A method for use in a sensor includes generating a first signal by a first sensing module in response to a magnetic field associated with a rotating target, generating a base word based on the first signal, the base word including a first base bit that is generated by comparing respective components of the first signal, reversing a respective polarity of the first signal and offsetting the first signal, generating a test word based on the first signal, the test word being generated after the respective polarity of the first signal is reversed and the first signal is offset, the test word including a first test bit that is generated by comparing the respective components of the first signal, and setting a value of an error signal based on whether the test word matches the base word.

An MR element includes a first magnetic layer, a second magnetic layer, and a nonmagnetic layer disposed between the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer. The first magnetic layer has a magnetic shape anisotropy set in a first reference direction, and has a magnetization whose direction changes depending on an external magnetic field, the magnetization being oriented in a first magnetization direction in a state where the external magnetic field is not applied. The second magnetic layer has a magnetic shape anisotropy set in a second reference direction, and has a magnetization whose direction changes depending on the external magnetic field, the magnetization being oriented in a second magnetization direction in a state where the external magnetic field is not applied.

An all-band magnetic sensor is provided. The all-band magnetic sensor comprises an induction coil, a voltage measurement module, and an integrator; the induction coil is used for generating an induced electromotive force according to magnetic flux passing therethrough; an impedance transformation circuit is connected to the output end of the induction coil and used for improving the loop resistance of the induction coil; the voltage measurement module is electrically connected to the impedance transformation circuit, and used for measuring the induced electromotive force generated by the induction coil; and the integrator is electrically connected to the voltage measurement module, and used for expanding a bandwidth.

There is provided a method of installing a magnetic proximity sensor including positioning the magnetic field sensor in a desired location and positioning a magnet in a desired location relative to the magnetic field sensor, with an indicator of the sensor continuing to be turned on during the predetermined period of time when the magnetic field generated by the magnet is sensed by the magnetic field sensor, and being turned off during the predetermined period of time when the magnetic field generated by the magnet is not sensed by the magnetic field sensor. The indicator light thus assists in determining proper relative positioning of the magnet and the magnetic field sensor. If after the predetermined period of time more time is needed to install the magnetic proximity sensor, the method includes initiates another predetermined period of time by removing and replacing a lid of the magnetic proximity sensor.

A method is provided for use in a sensor, the method comprising: selecting a switching cycle for the sensor; transitioning the sensor into a state in which at least one component of the sensor is periodically turned on and off in accordance with the switching cycle; sampling an analog signal to generate a sampled signal, the analog signal being generated by at least one sensing element, the analog signal being sampled only during periods in which the at least one component of the sensor is turned on; and generating an output signal based, at least in part, on the sampled signal and outputting the output signal.