A light receiving element of the present disclosure includes a wire grid polarizing element, wavelength selection means, and a photoelectric conversion portion from a light incident side, and the wavelength selection means includes a plurality of wavelength selection members, and the wavelength selection members constituted by a plasmon filter transmit light having different wavelengths.

An illumination module (101) for an optical apparatus comprises a light source unit (102), which is configured to selectively emit light along a multiplicity of beam paths (112) in each case. The illumination module (101) also comprises a multiplicity of optical elements (201-203) arranged with lateral offset from one another, wherein each optical element (201-203) of the multiplicity of optical elements (201-203) is configured to transform at least one corresponding beam path (112) of the multiplicity of beam paths.

An apparatus for concentrating light from a light source includes a plurality of lenses that are substantially aligned with one another. Each lens includes a light-receiving end configured to receive the light from the light source and a light-transmitting end configured to transmit the light from the lens to a target. The light-receiving ends are aspherical.

An optical speckle receiver for receiving a speckle signal from a sample, the optical speckle receiver comprising an optical detector and an aperture and/or lens array. The aperture and array respectively comprise a plurality of apertures or lenses and is located between the sample and the optical detector such that the received speckle pattern is obtained from multiple discrete sample locations.

Provided are an image sensor including a color separating lens array and an electronic apparatus. The image sensor includes: a sensor substrate including a plurality of first pixels and a plurality of second pixels, wherein each of the first pixels includes a plurality of photosensitive cells that are two-dimensionally arranged in a first direction and a second direction, and, a first pixel of a first group includes a first edge region and a second edge region that are arranged at opposite edges of the first pixel in the first direction and outputs first and second photosensitive signals with respect to the light incident on the first and second edge regions.

A restraint system (10) for helping to protect an occupant (60) of a vehicle (20) having a seat (50) for the occupant (60) includes a primary airbag (70) having a stored condition within the roof (32) and being inflatable to a deployed condition extending into the cabin (40) on a first side of the seat (50). A support airbag (76) has a stored condition within the roof (32) and is inflatable to a deployed condition on a second side of the seat (50) opposite the first side. Tethers (120) connect the primary airbag (70) and the support airbag (76) such that occupant (60) penetration into the primary airbag (70) pulls the support airbag (76) into engagement with the seat (50).

An optical speckle receiver for receiving a speckle signal from a sample, the optical speckle receiver comprising an optical detector and an aperture and/or lens array. The aperture and array respectively comprise a plurality of apertures or lenses and is located between the sample and the optical detector such that the received speckle pattern is obtained from multiple discrete sample locations.

An optical telescope may include an array of optical lenslets in a common plane, and optical waveguides extending from respective optical lenslets and each having a common optical path delay. Further, at least one optical star coupler may be downstream from the optical waveguides, and an optical detector may be downstream from the at least one optical star coupler and having an optical image formed thereon.

Control systems for liquid lenses can use feedback control using one or more measured parameters indicative of a position of the fluid interface in the liquid lens. Capacitance between a fluid and an electrode in the liquid lens can vary depending on the position of the fluid interface. Current mirrors can be used for making measurements indicative of the capacitance and/or the fluid interface position. The liquid lens can be calibrated using the measurements indicative of capacitance and/or fluid interface position as the voltage is driven across an operational range. A control system can use pulse width modulation (PWM) for driving a liquid lens, and a carrier frequency for the PWM signals can be varied to control power consumption in the liquid lens. The slew rate can be adjustable to control power consumption in the liquid lens.

A display system includes an optical element through which light diverges and an imaging optical system configured to form an image by projecting diverging light diverging through the optical element. In the display system, the image formed by the imaging optical system is visually recognized by a viewer, and a condition in an equation tan 0≥(T×B)/(S×O) is satisfied, where θ denotes a divergence angle of the optical element, T denotes distance between the image forming optical system and the formed image, B denotes a range of an eye box that is an area through which the formed image can visually be recognized, S denotes distance between the formed image and a viewpoint of the viewer of the formed image, and O denotes distance between the optical element and the image forming optical system. In the above equation, each distance indicates length of an optical path that passes through a center of an image formed by the light when an object is observed from a reference eyepoint.