Disclosed is a diffractive optical element includes a substrate (BS) having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, being transparent to light in at least one spectral range and having, in the spectral range, a refractive index that is greater than that of water, at least one metasurface able to diffract light radiation of wavelength λ within the spectral range, incident with an angle of incidence, according to a diffracted radiation, so that the diffracted radiation propagates in the substrate and reaches the second surface of the substrate at a diffracted angle θ.sub.d that is greater than or equal to a limit angle (θ.sub.c) of total internal reflection between the substrate and water, the metasurface being designed to have, for the angle of incidence, a transmission with a 0 order of diffraction below 5% and a transmission of the diffracted radiation corresponding to a −1 or +1 order of diffraction above 50%.

A process for plasmonic-based high resolution color printing is provided. The process includes a) providing a nanostructured substrate surface having a reverse structure geometry comprised of nanopits and nanoposts on a support, and b) forming a conformal continuous metal coating over the nanostructured substrate surface to generate a continuous metal film, the continuous metal film defining nanostructures for the plasmonic-based high resolution color printing, wherein a periodicity of the nanostructures is equal to or less than a diffraction limit of visible light. A nanostructured metal film or metal-film coated support obtained by the process and a method for generating a color image are also provided.

A system and method of imaging an object uses a plasmonic layer as a sample holder defining a periodic array of sub-micron structures adjacent the object. The sample holder is exposed to a first portion of light that is transmitted through either the plasmonic layer but not the object, or the plasmonic layer and a first section of the object, and a second portion of the light that is transmitted through the plasmonic layer and at least a second section of the object. The light interacts with at least the plasmonic layer and the first portion of the transmitted light characterizes one or more first surface plasmon resonance peaks and the second portion of the transmitted light characterizes one or more second surface plasmon resonance peaks that are wavelength shifted from the first surface plasmon resonance peaks by the object affecting plasmons propagating within the plasmonic layer.

An optical filter includes a light absorbing layer and a conductive nanodisk. The light absorbing layer includes a near-infrared absorbing material configured to absorb light of a first wavelength spectrum within a near-infrared wavelength spectrum. The conductive nanodisk is configured to absorb or reflect light of a second wavelength spectrum within the first wavelength spectrum. An image sensor includes the optical filter, a camera module includes the optical filter, and an electronic device includes the optical filter.

An electro-plasmonic array is disclosed. The electro-plasmonic array includes a substrate and a plurality of nanoantennas disposed on a surface of the substrate, each of the electro-plasmonic nanoantennas including a conductive nanodisk and a conforming biocompatible electrochromic polymer layer.

An apparatus for an optical detector includes a bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonator including a piezoelectric layer and a metal layer, an acoustic Bragg mirror on the BAW resonator and including a first acoustic impedance layer and a second acoustic impedance layer different than the first acoustic impedance layer, and a plasmonic metasurface on the acoustic Bragg mirror and including structures of geometric patterns arranged in an array.

A photocathode emitter can include a transparent substrate, a photocathode layer, and a plasmonic structure array disposed between the transparent substrate and the photocathode layer. The plasmonic structure can serve as a spot-confining structure and an electrical underlayer for biasing the photocathode. The plasmonic structure can confine the incident light at subwavelength sizes.

A light receiving element of the present disclosure includes a wire grid polarizing element, wavelength selection means, and a photoelectric conversion portion from a light incident side, and the wavelength selection means includes a plurality of wavelength selection members, and the wavelength selection members constituted by a plasmon filter transmit light having different wavelengths.

A circular polarization filter of a chiral metasurface structure is disclosed including a substrate having a nanograting pattern extending from the substrate, a dielectric layer formed directly on the nanograting pattern, and a plasmonic structure in direct contact with the dielectric layer, where the plasmonic structure may be oriented at a nonzero angle with respect to the nanograting pattern. An integrated polarization filter array is also disclosed including include a linear polarization filter, and a circular polarization filter. Methods of detecting full-stokes polarization using an integrated polarization filter array having both linear and circular polarization filters made from chiral metasurface structures is disclosed. Methods of using a Mueller matrix to evaluate polarization response of any optical device or system is also disclosed.

The invention relates to a method for producing a light-emitting diode comprising a semiconductor stack formed of a first layer 11, of an active layer 13, and of an extraction layer 6. It comprises a step of determining a distance h.sub.1s between emitting dipoles μ.sub.1 that are located in the active layer 13 and the extraction layer 6, such that the emitting dipoles μ.sub.1 of vertical orientation have in particular a lifetime longer than that of the emitting dipoles of horizontal orientation.