Techniques for designing diffractive optical elements (DOEs) such as diffusers and other optical beam shaping elements can include designing a DOE unit cell on a smaller area than the overall area of the DOE, and then distributing the unit cell across the entire surface for the DOE. Height translations are introduced for at least some of the unit cells distributed across the surface, where the height translations correspond to respective phase translations for the intended operational wavelength of the DOE. In some instances, phase wrapping is introduced to translate the height variations among the unit cells into unit cells having sub-unit structures whose heights fall within a range that corresponds to a specified phase range at the operational wavelength.

A optical apparatus to display an image to a user is disclosed. The apparatus comprises an image source to generate an image bearing light beam having a first numerical aperture; and a diffuser screen. The diffuser screen is configured to increase the numerical aperture of the image bearing light beam to a second numerical aperture. The diffuser screen comprises a first part comprising: a first face and second face substantially parallel to each other, a first array of a plurality of waveguides forming an optical path between the first face and the second face. A value of an optical property of each of the plurality of waveguides is selected randomly from a set of values of the optical property. The first array of a plurality of waveguides is arranged such that each of the plurality of waveguides has an optical axis that is substantially parallel to it's nearest neighbour. Substantially all the waveguides of the first array are sized below a size that would allow a single mode of visible light to propagate along each waveguide

A display system for sensing a finger of a user applied to the display system includes a display panel; a sensor for sensing the finger; a sensing light source configured to emit a first light having a first wavelength W1; and a reflective polarizer disposed between the display panel and the sensor. For a substantially normally incident light, an optical transmittance of the reflective polarizer versus wavelength for a first polarization state has a band edge such that for a first wavelength range extending from a smaller wavelength L1 to a greater wavelength L2 and including W1, where 30 mn≤L2−L1≤50 nm and L1 is greater than and within about 20 nm of a wavelength L3 corresponding to an optical transmittance of about 50% along the band edge, the optical transmittance has an average of greater than about 75%.

An optical laminated member having an antiglare hard coat layer and a clear hard coat layer sequentially laminated on at least one side of a transparent polymer substrate, the antiglare hard coat layer being a cured layer of a coating composition for forming an antiglare layer and having continuous random irregularities on its surface, and a ten-point average roughness Rz.sub.JIS of a surface of the antiglare hard coat layer is 0.1 to 2 μm, the clear hard coat layer is a cured layer of a clear hard coating composition, the clear hard coat layer is laminated on a part of the antiglare hard coat layer.

A structure includes a support 10, a first optical filter layer 24 provided on the support, a light scattering layer 50 provided on the light path of the first optical filter layer 24, and a second optical filter layer 21, 22, 23, 25, and 26 provided on the support 10, on a different region from the region where the first optical filter layer is provided, and the light scattering layer 50 is not provided on the light path of the second optical filter layer.

There are provided a layered body and a display device including the same, the layered body including a substrate layer and a resin layer disposed on at least one surface of the substrate layer, in which the resin layer contains a light scattering agent (A), and, when the surface tension of the substrate layer is indicated by σs (mN/m), and the surface tension of the resin layer is indicated by σr (mN/m), the following formula: |σs−σr|≤11.0 is satisfied.

There are provided a layered body and a display device including the same, the layered body including a substrate layer and a resin layer disposed on at least one surface of the substrate layer, in which the resin layer contains a light scattering agent (A), and, when the surface tension of the substrate layer is indicated by σs (mN/m), and the surface tension of the resin layer is indicated by σr (mN/m), the following formula: |σs−σr|≤11.0 is satisfied.

A video measurement system for measuring a test object comprising an imaging system comprising an imager having an imaging pupil, the imager arranged for viewing at least a portion of a silhouette of the test object by receiving light transmitted by the test object over a first angular extent; and an illumination system comprising (i) an illumination source; (ii) output having a second angular extent in object space that is larger than the first angular extent received by the imaging pupil; and (iii) a substrate arranged to diffuse light from the illumination source, the substrate having an axial centerline and a light obscuration element, wherein the light obscuration element is at least approximately coaxial to the axial centerline of the substrate, and wherein the pupils of the illumination and imaging systems are in at least approximately conjugate image planes.

There is provided a novel, improved optical body, the micro concave-convex structure of which can be protected without the use of a protective film, a film adhesive body, and a method for manufacturing an optical body, the optical body including: an optical film, on one surface of which is formed a first micro concave-convex structure in which an average cycle of concavities and convexities is less than or equal to a visible light wavelength; and a master film that covers the first micro concave-convex structure. The master film is provided with a second micro concave-convex structure formed on a surface that faces the first micro concave-convex structure, the second micro concave-convex structure is made of a cured curing resin, and has a reverse shape of the first micro concave-convex structure, and the optical film and the master film are separable from each other.

A homogenizing module and a projection apparatus are provided. The homogenizing module is configured to homogenize a beam and includes an anisotropic diffuser and a homogenizer. The anisotropic diffuser is located on a transmission path of the beam. The beam has a first divergence angle in a first direction and a second divergence angle in a second direction after passing through the anisotropic diffuser. The first divergence angle is greater than the second divergence angle. The homogenizer is located on a transmission path of the beam from the anisotropic diffuser, and the homogenizer includes multiple optical elements. The size of any of the multiple optical elements in the first direction is greater than the size thereof in the second direction. The first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.