An optical device includes a light guide plate configured to guide light within a plane parallel to an emission surface, and a plurality of light focusing portions to which the light guide plate guides directional light. Each of the plurality of light focusing portions is provided with an optical surface configured to create from the directional light incident thereon emission light in a direction substantially converging on a single convergence point or convergence line in a space or to create emission light that substantially diverges from a single convergence point of convergence line in a space and exits from the emission surface. The plurality of light focusing portions are provided near the emission surface of the light guide plate, and each of the plurality of light focusing portions is formed along a predetermined line within a plane parallel to the emission surface.

Exemplary apparatus for method for forming at least one spectral encoding endoscopy configuration. For example, it is possible to modify a spacer configuration and an lens optics configuration to have respective predetermined lengths, and also to modify a dispersive optics configuration to have a further predetermined length. Further, the modified spacer and modified lens optics configurations can be attached to one another to form a combined spacer-lens optics configuration. The modified dispersive optics configuration can be attached to a substrate to form to form a grating substrate configuration. Additionally, the combined spacer-lens optics configuration can be connected to an optical fiber, and the modified attached dispersed optics configuration can be connected to the modified attached lens optics configuration to form the spectral encoding endoscopy configuration(s) which can extends along a particular axis. The dispersive optics configuration can be modified to be at a predetermined angle with respect to the particular axis.

Three-dimensional (3D) electronic displays provide different 3D views and employ one or both of an array of multibeam diffraction gratings arranged in offset rows and light valves having color filters. The displays include a plate light guide configured to guide light beams at a non-zero propagation angle, a multibeam diffraction grating configured to couple out a portion of the guided light beams as a plurality of light beams having different principal angular directions representing the different 3D views, and light valves configured to modulate the differently directed, coupled-out light beams. The multibeam diffraction grating may be a member of the array arranged in offset rows and the display may further include light valves having color filters. Alternately, the light valves include color filters and the display may further include the array of multibeam diffraction gratings arranged in offset rows.

Three-dimensional (3D) electronic displays provide different 3D views and employ one or both of an array of multibeam diffraction gratings arranged in offset rows and light valves having color filters. The displays include a plate light guide configured to guide light beams at a non-zero propagation angle, a multibeam diffraction grating configured to couple out a portion of the guided light beams as a plurality of light beams having different principal angular directions representing the different 3D views, and light valves configured to modulate the differently directed, coupled-out light beams. The multibeam diffraction grating may be a member of the array arranged in offset rows and the display may further include light valves having color filters. Alternately, the light valves include color filters and the display may further include the array of multibeam diffraction gratings arranged in offset rows.

The invention relates to a novel binder system and its use for bonding textile fabrics as well as products containing such bonded textile fabrics. The materials according to the invention are suitable for manufacturing base interlinings which may be used for manufacturing base interlinings for sarking, roofing and sealing membranes, particularly for manufacturing coated sarking, roofing and sealing membranes.

An optical arrangement for spectral decomposition of light is disclosed. In an embodiment the optical arrangement includes a reflection diffraction grating, a first medium with a refractive index n.sub.in arranged on a light incidence side of the reflection diffraction grating; and a second medium with a refractive index n.sub.G arranged on a side of the reflection diffraction grating that faces away from the light incidence side, with n.sub.in>n.sub.G, wherein the optical arrangement is configured in such a way that light impinges on the reflection diffraction grating from the first medium at an angle of incidence α, wherein a condition sin(α)>n.sub.G/n.sub.in is satisfied, wherein the reflection diffraction grating comprises a layer system with at least one unstructured layer and at least one structured layer, wherein the at least one structured layer has a periodic structure with a period p in lateral direction, and wherein the period p meets the following conditions: p<λ/[n.sub.in*sin(α)+n.sub.G] and p>λ/[n.sub.in*sin(α)+n.sub.in].

A method of imprinting a pattern on a substrate is provided. The method includes forming a first pattern on a plurality of masters using a method other than imprinting, the first pattern including a plurality of patterned features of varying sizes; measuring the patterned features at a plurality of locations on each of the masters; selecting a first master of the plurality of masters based on the measurements of the patterned features on each of the masters; using the first master to form a second pattern on an imprint template; and imprinting the first pattern on a first device with the imprint template.

An optical adhesive including a viscoelastic or elastomeric adhesive layer and a cured polymer layer immediately adjacent the viscoelastic or elastomeric adhesive layer is described. The viscoelastic or elastomeric adhesive layer a refractive index less than 1.570 and the cured polymer layer has a refractive index of at least 1.570. An interface between the viscoelastic or elastomeric adhesive layer and the cured polymer layer is structured. The cured polymer layer has a storage modulus of at least 2000 MPa at 20° C. and a glass transition temperature of no more than 65° C.

An optical device of the present disclosure includes a first light guide body including a first light-incident portion provided with a first incidence-side diffraction element, and a second light guide body including a second light-incident portion provided with a second incidence-side diffraction element, wherein the second light guide body, when light is caused to enter the first light-incident portion, is disposed at a position at which a part of the light passing through the first light guide body enters the second light-incident portion, and the second incidence-side diffraction element is an element that diffracts light of monochromatic color at a smaller angle than the first incidence-side diffraction element does, when the light of monochromatic color is caused to enter at a same angle.

Provided is a phase difference film formed of a resin containing a polymer having crystallizability. The phase difference film has an NZ factor of less than 1 and an in-plane retardation Re that satisfies 125 nm≤Re≤345 nm. The polymer has a crystallization degree of 15% or more. Alternatively, the polymer is an alicyclic structure-containing polymer being a hydrogenated product of a ring-opening polymer of dicyclopentadiene.