A reflective polarizing imaging lens includes at least one optical film having an active area that is curved in two orthogonal directions. Edges of the optical film are arranged to form seams between segments of the optical film in the active area of the reflective polarizing imaging lens.

A step of forming an on-chip lens of a phase difference pixel is simplified. An imaging element includes a pixel array unit, an individual on-chip lens, a common on-chip lens, and an adjacent on-chip lens. In the pixel array unit, pixels that performs photoelectric conversion according to incident light components, a plurality of phase difference pixels that is included in the pixels, is arranged adjacent to each other, and detects a phase difference, and phase difference pixel adjacent pixels that are included in the pixels and are adjacent to the phase difference pixels are arranged two-dimensionally. The individual on-chip lens is arranged for each of the pixels and individually condenses the incident light components on corresponding one of the pixels. The common on-chip lens is commonly arranged in the plurality of phase difference pixels and commonly condenses the incident light component. The adjacent on-chip lens is arranged for each of the phase difference pixel adjacent pixels, individually condenses the incident light components on corresponding one of the phase difference pixel adjacent pixels, and is formed to have a size different from the individual on-chip lens to adjust a shape of the common on-chip lens.

Provided is an optical element that can display a clear image having no blurriness in AR glasses or the like. The optical element includes: a substrate; and a laminate that is provided on the substrate and where a plurality of liquid crystal layers obtained by aligning a liquid crystal compound are laminated, in which the liquid crystal layers have a liquid crystal alignment pattern in which a direction of an optical axis derived from the liquid crystal compound changes while continuously rotating in at least one in-plane direction, and in at least one of the liquid crystal layers, an arithmetic mean value of differences between maximum film thicknesses and minimum film thicknesses obtained by observing 10 cross-sections with a scanning electron microscope is 0.1 μm or less.

Provided is a polarizing film laminate that is reworkable and excellent in bonding property over a long period of time. The polarizing film laminate includes: a polarizing plate including a polarizer; a first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer; a supporting substrate; and a second pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, which are laminated in the stated order, wherein the second pressure-sensitive adhesive layer surface of the polarizing film laminate has a pressure-sensitive adhesive strength to glass of 1.0 N/25 mm or more at a peel angle of 90° and a peel rate of 300 mm/min.

Embodiments herein describe a focal polarization displacer with a birefringent crystal disposed within the focal region of a lens. The birefringent crystal separates optical signals into at least two separate signals based on having different polarization states and an optical axis of the birefringent crystal is set so that focal points of the two separate signals are at an output surface of the polarization displacer where the two separate signals are output from the polarization displacer. This output surface can be a surface of the birefringent crystal or a surface of additional layer coupled to the crystal such as a polarization rotator or dielectric layer.

An optical arrangement for expanding and uniformizing a beam of light, including a first optical member arranged to receive a collimated incoming light beam, from an incoming beam direction, with a first polarization, the first optical member configured to expand and uniformize the collimated incoming light beam along a first axis to form a first collimated light beam exiting therefrom in a first beam direction; a second optical member adapted to receive the first collimated light beam, from the first beam direction, with the first polarization in relation thereto, the second optical member configured to expand and uniformize the first collimated light beam along a second axis to form a second collimated light beam exiting therefrom in a second beam direction.

A manufacturing method of an adhesive layer includes: providing a preliminary adhesive layer, attaching a mask to a first area portion of the preliminary adhesive layer, and thereby, provide a second area portion of the preliminary adhesive layer that is adjacent to the first area portion and to which the mask is not attached, to provide an adhesive layer that exhibits good folding reliability. In addition, a display device may exhibit good folding reliability characteristics by including the adhesive layer from which an adhesion force of a folding area is reduced between a supporting member and a display panel of the display device.

The present invention provides a compound having an excellent amount of change in HTP and an excellent HTP saturation rate during exposure, and a liquid crystal composition including the compound. The compound of the present invention is a compound represented by General Formula (A).

(Y).sub.n-G-(X).sub.m   (A)

G represents a group represented by General Formula (B-1) or a group represented by General Formula (B-2), * represents a bonding position, and X and Y represent a predetermined group.

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According to various embodiments of the disclosure, an electronic device may include: a housing, a display viewable to the outside of the electronic device, wherein the display includes a plurality of layers at least one of which includes an opening area, an optical sensor at least a portion of which is disposed in the opening area, and a printed pattern disposed to correspond to the opening area and having a ring shape, wherein the printed pattern may be disposed on a top surface or a bottom surface of a first layer that does not include the opening area among the plurality of layers, and wherein a portion of the ring shape may have a first height, and a remaining portion of the ring shape may have a second height higher than the first height.

A stereoscopic image apparatus that is capable of minimizing loss of optical energy and improving quality of a stereoscopic image is disclosed. The stereoscopic image apparatus includes a polarizing beam splitter to reflect or transmit incident light based on polarization components of the light to split the light in at least three different directions, a reflective member to reflect the light reflected by the polarizing beam splitter to a screen, at least one modulator to modulate the light reflected by the reflective member and the light transmitted through the polarizing beam splitter, and a refractive member disposed in an advancing direction of light to be incident upon the polarizing beam splitter to refract the light to be incident upon the polarizing beam splitter.