A diffractive waveguide stack includes first, second, and third diffractive waveguides for guiding light in first, second, and third visible wavelength ranges, respectively. The first diffractive waveguide includes a first material having first refractive index at a selected wavelength and a first target refractive index at a midpoint of the first visible wavelength range. The second diffractive waveguide includes a second material having a second refractive index at the selected wavelength and a second target refractive index at a midpoint of the second visible wavelength range. The third diffractive waveguide includes a third material having a third refractive index at the selected wavelength and a third target refractive index at a midpoint of the third visible wavelength range. A difference between any two of the first target refractive index, the second target refractive index, and the third target refractive index is less than 0.005 at the selected wavelength.

A metalens includes one or more regions of nanostructures. A first region of nanostructures directs a first field of view (FOV) of light incident on the first region of nanostructures to a first region of an image plane. A second region of nanostructures directs a second FOV of light incident on the second region of nanostructures to a second region of the image plane in which the second FOV is different from the first FOV, and the second region of the image plane is different from the first region of the image plane. A third region of nanostructures directs a third FOV of light to a third region of the image plane, in which the third FOV is different from the first FOV and the second FOV, and the third region of the image plane is different from the first region and the second region of the image plane.

A wearable heads-up display includes a power source, laser sources, and a lightguide. A photodetector is positioned to detect an intensity of a test light emitted at a perimeter of the lightguide from an optical path within the lightguide. A laser safety circuit provides a control to reduce or shut off a supply of electrical power from the power source to the laser sources in response to an output signal from the photodetector indicating that the detected intensity is below a threshold.

An optical device includes a light source configured to provide a light beam. The optical device includes a light source configured to generate a light beam, and a spatial light modulator (“SLM”) configured to modulate the light beam to provide a hologram for generating a display image. The optical device includes a polarization-selective steering assembly configured to provide a plurality of steering states for the modulated light beam. The optical device includes an image combiner configured to focus the modulated light beam steered by the polarization-selective steering assembly to generate an array of spots at an eye-box of the optical device.

Provided is a device configured to enlarge an exit pupil area of a visual optical apparatus, the device including a diffraction grating configured to output a plurality of diffracted light beams of a plurality of diffraction orders by diffracting an incident light beam, and a waveguide provided on the diffraction grating and configured to form an exit pupil based on a first diffracted light beam among the plurality of diffracted light beams output from the diffraction grating and to form exit pupil orders based on a second diffracted light beam among the plurality of diffracted light beams output from the diffraction grating.

A light-guiding plate includes a resin base having a parallelism P of 5 μm or less per an area of 50×100 mm.sup.2.

A display device includes a light guide body and displays an image of light emitted from the light guide body. The light guide body is of a curved shape, and includes a light guide plate and an optical element that diffracts and emits light propagating inside the light guide plate. The optical element is provided in the light guide body so that the angle of the optical element relative to a propagation direction in which the light propagates inside the light guide plate is constant irrespective of where in the optical element.

Systems and methods for providing holographic waveguide display using integrated gratings in accordance with various embodiments of the invention are illustrated. One embodiment includes a waveguide display including a source of light, and a first waveguide including a grating structure including first and second gratings, and an input coupler configured to couple a first field-of-view portion of light, and couple a second field-of-view portion of light, wherein the first grating is configured to provide beam expansion in a first direction for the first field-of-view portion of light, and provide beam expansion in the first direction and beam extraction towards a viewer for the second field-of-view portion of light, the second grating is configured to provide beam expansion in a second direction for the second field-of-view portion of light, and provide beam expansion in the second direction and beam extraction towards a viewer for the first field-of-view portion of light.

Display systems, such as near eye display systems or wearable heads up displays, may include a laser projection system having an optical engine and an optical scanner. Light output by the optical engine may be directed into the optical scanner as two angularly separated laser light beams. The angularly separated laser light beams typically have different angles of incidence on a second scan mirror of the optical scanner. Respectively different levels of magnification are applied to the beam diameter of each of the angularly separated laser light beams in a first dimension, such that the angularly separated laser light beams have respectively different beam diameters upon incidence at the second scan mirror. In some embodiments, the different beam diameters of the angularly separated laser light beams result in regions of incidence of each of the angularly separated laser light beams on the second scan mirror being equal or substantially similar.

A directional illuminator includes a light source, a pupil-replicating lightguide, and a tiltable reflector coupling the light source to the pupil-replicating lightguide. The exit beam angle of the light outputted by the pupil-replicating lightguide follows the in-coupling angle, and accordingly depends on the tilting angle of the tiltable reflector. The directional illuminator with steered light beam may be used to illuminate a display panel. Steering the illuminating light by the tiltable reflector enables one to steer the exit pupil of the display device to match the user's eye location(s).