An image delivery system (IDS) comprising: a first waveguide comprising an input aperture for receiving an input virtual image provided by a display engine and a first plurality of first facets positioned to reflect light from the received input virtual image out from the first waveguide; a second waveguide configured to receive the light reflected out from the first waveguide and comprising a second plurality of second facets positioned to reflect the received light out from the second waveguide to project an output virtual image responsive to the input into an eye motion box (EMB); and a partially reflective coating formed on each facet selected from a number of different partially reflective coatings less than a total number of facets equal to a sum of the number of facets in the first and second pluralities; wherein the output virtual image exhibits a fidelity of 80% or better.

A projection system includes a first optical system and a second optical system disposed on an enlargement side of the first optical system. The first optical system includes a first lens group having positive power, a second lens group disposed on the enlargement side of the first lens group and having negative power, and an optical path deflector disposed between the first lens group and the second lens group. The second optical system includes a reflection member having a concave reflection surface. The second lens group includes three aspherical lenses. Conditional Expression (1) below is satisfied,

0.25<|F|×FNO/Ymax<0.5  (1)

where F represents the focal length of the entirety of the projection system, FNO represents the F number of the projection system, and Ymax represents a maximum image height in a reduction-side conjugate plane.

A communication module includes a laser driving unit (LDU) and one or more multifunction illumination units. The one or more multifunction illumination units are be coupled to the LDU with an electrical connection and configured to transmit both electrical power and data.

A method of operating an apparatus for laser annealing, includes reducing temporal or spatial coherency of a plurality of laser beams by beam superimposing; and reducing an electric field inner product magnitude of beams having the reduced temporal or spatial coherency by a fly eye lens array to reduce coherency, and/or by modifying a polarization state between the beams by beam superimposing.

LiDAR system and methods discussed herein use a dispersion element or optic that has a refraction gradient that causes a light pulse to be redirected to a particular angle based on its wavelength. The dispersion element can be used to control a scanning path for light pulses being projected as part of the LiDAR's field of view. The dispersion element enables redirection of light pulses without requiring the physical movement of a medium such as mirror or other reflective surface, and in effect further enables at least portion of the LiDAR's field of view to be managed through solid state control. The solid state control can be performed by selectively adjusting the wavelength of the light pulses to control their projection along the scanning path.

Display devices include waveguides with metasurfaces as in-coupling and/or out-coupling optical elements. The metasurfaces may be formed on a surface of the waveguide and may include a plurality or an array of sub-wavelength-scale (e.g., nanometer-scale) protrusions. Individual protrusions may include horizontal and/or vertical layers of different materials which may have different refractive indices, allowing for enhanced manipulation of light redirecting properties of the metasurface. Some configurations and combinations of materials may advantageously allow for broadband metasurfaces. Manufacturing methods described herein provide for vertical and/or horizontal layers of different materials in a desired configuration or profile.

A head-up display capable of adjusting an imaging position is provided. The head-up display includes an image generation module, a reflector, a holographic diffraction optical element and a control unit. The image generation module is configured to display and project an image. The reflector is configured to reflect the image and further project the image on a transparent screen through the reflector. The holographic diffraction optical element is disposed on the transparent screen to reflect the image to a visible range of the user's eyes. The control unit is coupled to the reflector or the transparent screen to adjust the viewing angle of the holographic diffraction optical element having a pre-determined angle with the reflector.

Control instructions are transmitted to receivers by modulating light sources to generate light beams that are modulated with digital data streams for inducing control instructions in the light beams. Each light beam is applied to a pixel shaper element of a pixel shaper assembly to produce a light pixel, each light pixel carrying the control instructions of the light beam, each light pixel having a perimeter defined by the pixel shaper element. The pixel shaper assembly combines the light pixels into an image without significant overlap or voids between the light pixels. The light pixels are directed toward a projector lens for transmission toward the receivers. In a receiver, an optical receiver detects a light pixel. A controller decodes the control instructions received in the detected light pixel and uses the control instructions to control a function of the receiver.

Metasurface elements, integrated systems incorporating such metasurface elements with light sources and/or detectors, and methods of the manufacture and operation of such optical arrangements and integrated systems are provided. Systems and methods for integrating transmissive metasurfaces with other semiconductor devices or additional metasurface elements, and more particularly to the integration of such metasurfaces with substrates, illumination sources and sensors are also provided. The metasurface elements provided may be used to shape output light from an illumination source or collect light reflected from a scene to form two unique patterns using the polarization of light. In such embodiments, shaped-emission and collection may be combined into a single co-designed probing and sensing optical system.

Metasurface elements, integrated systems incorporating such metasurface elements with light sources and/or detectors, and methods of the manufacture and operation of such optical arrangements and integrated systems are provided. Systems and methods for integrating transmissive metasurfaces with other semiconductor devices or additional metasurface elements, and more particularly to the integration of such metasurfaces with substrates, illumination sources and sensors are also provided. The metasurface elements provided may be used to shape output light from an illumination source or collect light reflected from a scene to form two unique patterns using the polarization of light. In such embodiments, shaped-emission and collection may be combined into a single co-designed probing and sensing optical system.