Disclosed is a diffractive optical element includes a substrate (BS) having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, being transparent to light in at least one spectral range and having, in the spectral range, a refractive index that is greater than that of water, at least one metasurface able to diffract light radiation of wavelength λ within the spectral range, incident with an angle of incidence, according to a diffracted radiation, so that the diffracted radiation propagates in the substrate and reaches the second surface of the substrate at a diffracted angle θ.sub.d that is greater than or equal to a limit angle (θ.sub.c) of total internal reflection between the substrate and water, the metasurface being designed to have, for the angle of incidence, a transmission with a 0 order of diffraction below 5% and a transmission of the diffracted radiation corresponding to a −1 or +1 order of diffraction above 50%.

Subpixel line scanning. A slide scanning device comprises a plurality of line sensors (112a, 112b, 112c), each comprising a plurality of pixel sensors. Each line sensor is offset from an adjacent line sensor by a fraction of a length of each pixel sensor, and generates a line image of the same field of view at its respective offset. For each of a plurality of positions on a sample, a processor combines the line images of the same field of view, generated by the plurality of line sensors at their respective offsets, to produce a plurality of subpixels for each of at least a subset of pixels within the line images of the same field of view, and generates an up-sampled line image of the position comprising the plurality of subpixels. Then, the processor combines the up-sampled line images of each of the plurality of positions on the sample into an image.

There are provided an imaging device, a distance measurement method, a distance measurement program, and a recording medium capable of accurately measuring a distance to a subject without depending on a color of the subject. A bifocal imaging lens, a first pixel and a second pixel that respectively pupil-divide and selectively receive luminous flux incident through a first region of the first region and a second region having different focusing distances of the imaging lens, an image sensor having a third pixel and a fourth pixel corresponding to the second region, a first image acquisition unit (41-1) and a second image acquisition unit (41-2) that acquire a first image and a second image having asymmetric blurs from a first pixel group (22A) and a third pixel group (22C) of the image sensor, a third image acquisition unit (43-1) and a fourth image acquisition unit (43-2) that add pixel values of adjacent pixels of the first and second pixels of the image sensor and add pixel values of adjacent pixels of the third and fourth pixels to acquire a third image and a fourth image having symmetric blurs, and a distance calculation unit (45) that calculates a distance to a subject in the image based on the acquired first and third images or the acquired second and fourth images are included.

There are provided an imaging device, a distance measurement method, a distance measurement program, and a recording medium capable of accurately measuring a distance to a subject without depending on a color of the subject. A bifocal imaging lens, a first pixel and a second pixel that respectively pupil-divide and selectively receive luminous flux incident through a first region of the first region and a second region having different focusing distances of the imaging lens, an image sensor having a third pixel and a fourth pixel corresponding to the second region, a first image acquisition unit (41-1) and a second image acquisition unit (41-2) that acquire a first image and a second image having asymmetric blurs from a first pixel group (22A) and a third pixel group (22C) of the image sensor, a third image acquisition unit (43-1) and a fourth image acquisition unit (43-2) that add pixel values of adjacent pixels of the first and second pixels of the image sensor and add pixel values of adjacent pixels of the third and fourth pixels to acquire a third image and a fourth image having symmetric blurs, and a distance calculation unit (45) that calculates a distance to a subject in the image based on the acquired first and third images or the acquired second and fourth images are included.

The invention provides an optical super-resolution microscopic imaging system comprising a dichroic beamsplitter for annular parallel light to transmit through; a focusing lens used for converging the annular parallel light transmitted through the dichroic beamsplitter; a confocal pinhole for the annular parallel light after being converged to pass through to filter the annular parallel light; a varifocal lens system for collimating the annular parallel light passing through the confocal pinhole into excited annular parallel light; and a detector for receiving and processing fluorescence emitted by the excited sample, the fluorescence emitted by the excited sample being returned by the same way, and the dichroic beamsplitter separating the fluorescence emitted by the sample from an annular parallel light path and turning the fluorescence to the detector to obtain a super-resolution image of the sample.

The invention provides an optical super-resolution microscopic imaging system comprising a dichroic beamsplitter for annular parallel light to transmit through; a focusing lens used for converging the annular parallel light transmitted through the dichroic beamsplitter; a confocal pinhole for the annular parallel light after being converged to pass through to filter the annular parallel light; a varifocal lens system for collimating the annular parallel light passing through the confocal pinhole into excited annular parallel light; and a detector for receiving and processing fluorescence emitted by the excited sample, the fluorescence emitted by the excited sample being returned by the same way, and the dichroic beamsplitter separating the fluorescence emitted by the sample from an annular parallel light path and turning the fluorescence to the detector to obtain a super-resolution image of the sample.

Disclosed herein is a super resolution imaging method and system for obtaining an image in a crystal material and/or device.

Disclosed herein is a super resolution imaging method and system for obtaining an image in a crystal material and/or device.

For correcting aberration-induced imaging errors of an optical system which includes an objective (14) and an adaptive optic (18), light (5) and a sample (20) are selected such that the light (5), in acting upon the sample (20), reduces a measurement signal (28) from the sample (20), wherein a relative variation of the measurement signal (28) depends on the intensity of the light (5). The measurement signal (28) from a focal area of the optical system in the sample (20) is registered over a first and a later second period of time (38, 37) to determine a first measurement value and a second measurement value. Over a third period of time (39) which overlaps with the first and/or the second period of time, the light (5) is focused into the focal area by means of the optical system. A measure value for the relative variation of the measurement signal (28) is determined from the first and the second measurement values and used in controlling the adaptive optic (18) as a metric to be optimized.

An optical module and a projection apparatus using the optical module are provided. The optical module includes a base, a first frame, an optical element and at least one driving assembly. The first frame is disposed in the base. The optical element is disposed in the first frame. The at least one driving assembly is disposed between the base and the first frame. The first frame is configured to move relative to the base by a magnetic force generated by the at least one driving assembly. Each of the at least one driving assembly includes a coil and a Halbach array magnet structure, the coil and the Halbach array magnet structure face each other along a first direction, a width of the Halbach array magnet structure in the first direction is W1, and a width of the coil in the first direction is W2, and 0.7≤W1/W2≤2.