A rigid-scope optical system includes: an image-formation optical system that causes an image in each of wavelength bands to be formed in a predetermined imaging device, the wavelength bands including a fluorescence wavelength band and a visible light wavelength band; and a color-separation-prism optical system having a dichroic film that separates an optical path of light to be imaged into an optical path of the visible light wavelength band and an optical path of the fluorescence wavelength band, in which the image-formation optical system causes the respective images to be formed in a fluorescence imaging device and a visible light imaging device, the fluorescence imaging device and the visible light imaging device being disposed to cause an amount of misalignment to correspond to a difference between an optical path length of fluorescence and an optical path length of visible light.

A light source apparatus and the like capable of improving the manufacturing yield are provided. The light source apparatus includes a light source, a collimator which is arranged to face the light source and includes a reflection portion for adjusting a focal length of light incident from the light source to the collimator, and a light guide arranged on an emission side of the collimator. The reflection portion of the collimator includes a normal focus area in which the light emitted from the light source and incident to the collimator is converted into substantially parallel light, a long focus area in which the light incident to the collimator is converted into slightly divergent light in comparison with the substantially parallel light, and a short focus area in which the light incident to the collimator is converted into slightly convergent light in comparison with the substantially parallel light.

A light irradiation apparatus focuses light on a surface or an inside of an object to observe or process the object, and includes a laser light source, a lens, a lens, a mask, a wave plate, and a lens. The mask is a multi-ring mask for spatially intensity-modulating input light in a beam cross-section and outputting modulated light, and includes a plurality of ring-shaped light-shielding areas provided around a center position, and a transmitting area provided between two adjacent light-shielding areas out of the plurality of light-shielding areas. A radial width of each of the two adjacent light-shielding areas out of the plurality of light-shielding areas is larger than a radial width of the transmitting area provided between the two light-shielding areas.

A phosphor element includes: a phosphor part having an incident face for excitation light, an opposing face opposing the incident face, and a side face, the phosphor part converting at least a part of the excitation light incident onto the incident face into a fluorescence and emitting the fluorescence from the incident face; an integral low refractive index layer on the side face and opposing face of the phosphor part and having a refractive index lower than that of the phosphor part; and an integral reflection film covering a surface of the low refractive index layer. The area of the incident face of the phosphor part is larger than the area of the opposing face.

Disclosed is a stretched optical compensation film which is a phase difference film containing a cellulose-based resin and having excellent optical properties. The stretched optical compensation film of the present invention contains 0.5 to 30 parts by mass of a β-diketone compound represented by Formula (I) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the cellulose-based resin. Positions R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which is optionally substituted, an arylalkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms which is optionally substituted or an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms which is optionally substituted. Position R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. ##STR00001##

A lighting apparatus for a vehicle includes a main lens; a light source device configured to emit light; and a first reflecting unit provided in a partial area of a front surface of the main lens. The lighting apparatus also includes a scanning module configured to reflect the light emitted from the light source device to the first reflecting unit in a predetermined scanning pattern. The lighting apparatus further includes a reflective fluorescent body configured to convert a wavelength of light reflected by the first reflecting unit and to reflect the light having the converted wavelength into the main lens. The scanning module includes: a scanning unit configured to be driven according to a predetermined frequency and to reflect an incident light in the predetermined scanning pattern, and a first light condensing device configured to condense the light emitted from the light source device into the scanning unit.

One or more excitation energy sources emit light in an excitation spectrum and direct the emitted light as an excitation beam to the emitting surface of a wavelength conversion element directly or via reflection. Distinct areas of the emitting surface are coated with one or more distinct fluorescent phosphors. The phosphor-coated areas receive the excitation beam and generate a sequence of fluoresced light beams at a light output, each fluoresced beam of a narrow spectrum determined by the type of phosphor and the excitation spectrum. The fluoresced beams travel parallel to an emitting axis at a non-zero angle to axes associated with the excitation beams.

An image analysis apparatus including a processor configured to: acquire a first fluorescence image indicating an observation target including a plurality of types of cells, each of which has a first region stained by first staining, and a second fluorescence image indicating the observation target in which a second region of a specific cell among the plurality of types of cells is stained by second staining different from the first staining; determine whether or not the first region is included in the second region in a superimposed image obtained by superimposing the first fluorescence image and the second fluorescence image and acquire a first determination result for each of the first regions; and determine the type of cell included in the observation target on the basis of the first determination result.

A lighting device for a vehicle may include a light source and a first reflecting unit configured to reflect a beam emitted from the light source. The lighting device may also include a lens in which the first reflecting unit is provided on a partial area of a surface of the lens. The lighting device may also include a reflective fluorescent body configured to convert a wavelength of light reflected from the first reflecting unit; and reflect, into the lens, the wavelength-converted light reflected from the first reflecting unit. The reflective fluorescent body may be disposed on a rear side of the lens and faces a rear surface of the lens. The first reflecting unit may be disposed so as not to be linearly aligned with the light source and the reflective fluorescent body.

A lighting device for a vehicle may include a light source; a lens; and a first reflecting unit provided on a partial area of a front surface of the lens. The lighting device may also include a light reducer configured to reduce a size of light emitted from the light source and to emit light having a reduced size toward the first reflecting unit on the lens. The lighting device may further include a reflective fluorescent body disposed on a rear side of the lens and configured to convert a wavelength of light reflected from the first reflecting unit and to reflect light having a converted wavelength into the lens.