There is provided a cover window including a first region; and second regions at both sides of the first region, wherein the first region has a stiffness being different from the second regions, and the stiffness of an interface region between the first region and the second region is gradually changed.

A display screen includes a first glass substrate including a color filter region and a light shielding region. The light shielding region includes a transparent region at a first position of the light shielding region. The display screen further includes a second glass substrate including a display control circuit. The display control circuit controls display statuses of the color filter region. The display screen also includes a light intensity sensor at a second position of the second glass substrate. The first position and the second position satisfy a preset relative positional correspondence to allow light transmitted through the first position to reach the light intensity sensor.

A method for achieving alignment and optical switching of a liquid crystal (LC) layer that is deposited on chalcogenide glass (ChG). Direct brushing of ChG produces an effective LC alignment layer. Also disclosed is the related waveguide assembly for achieving alignment and optical switching of a liquid crystal (LC) layer deposited on chalcogenide glass (ChG).

Substantially alkali free glasses are disclosed with can be used to produce substrates for flat panel display devices, e.g., active-matrix liquid crystal displays (AMLCDs). The glasses have high annealing temperatures and Young's modulus. Methods for producing substantially alkali free glasses using a downdraw process (e.g., a fusion process) are also disclosed.

A privacy glazing structure may include an electrically controllable optically active material, such as a liquid crystal material, sandwiched between a flexible substrate and a rigid substrate. The flexible substrate and the rigid substrate may each have a conductive layer deposited on the surface facing the optically active material. The flexible substrate may be bonded about its perimeter to the rigid substrate and may be sufficiently flexible to conform to non-planarity of the rigid substrate. As a result, the flexible substrate may adopt the surface contour of the rigid substrate to maintain a uniform thickness of optically active material between the flexible substrate and the rigid substrate.

Total internal reflection image displays are equipped with a bistability enhancement particle interaction layer. The bistability enhancement layer imparts bistability in the display at 0V or power off. The bistability enhancement layer may hold particles near the surface in the evanescent wave region at the front electrode at 0V or power off to retain a dark state image. The particle interaction layer may hold particles near the surface of the rear electrode at 0V or power off to retain a bright state image. Control of particle density improves bistability.

Mach-Zehnder interferometers comprise heater elements configured to have projections in the plane of optical waveguides positioned such that two adjacent sections of one optical waveguide arms are heated by a common heater element. The heater and at least a substantial section of the heated waveguide segments can be curved. Configurations of an optical waveguide arm can comprise an outer curved heated section, an inner curved heated section, and a loopback waveguide section connecting the outer curved heated section and the inner curved heated section, with average radius of curvature selected to form an open accessible space. Appropriate configurations of the two optical waveguide arms provide for nested configurations of the arms that provide for a compact structure for the interferometer.

Energy efficient thermo-optic phase shifters have a configuration with two sections of a waveguide adjacent for heating by a common heater. A loop section can connect the two heated waveguide sections. Further improved efficiency can be achieved in which the heated sections are curved to allow closer placement of the adjacent waveguides. The heater can be curved to follow the configuration of the curved heated waveguide sections. Energy efficiency gains can be up to approximately a factor of two over corresponding traditional thermo-optical phase shifter designs.

A manufacturing method of an array substrate structure is disclosed, in which after a common electrode is formed, a reduction resistant layer is first formed on the common electrode before deposition of a second insulation layer in order to prevent the film quality of the common electrode from being affected by a reductive atmosphere generated in a process of directly depositing the second insulation layer on the common electrode thereby reducing the influence on the transmittal of the common electrode caused by the deposition of the second insulation layer on the common electrode and providing the common electrode with increased transmittal and enhancing displaying performance.

A display device is provided that includes a display panel, a light guide plate on a rear side of the display panel, a reflector on a rear surface of the light guide plate, a cover bottom on a rear surface of the reflector, wherein the cover bottom is made of a glass material, and a light-emitting diode (LED) housing including an LED on one end thereof to supply light to an end of the light guide plate, another end of the LED housing being coupled to a rear surface of an end of the cover bottom. According to example embodiments, it may be possible to reduce the thickness of the display device and the size of a bezel of the display device, and to prevent the display device from being warped or broken due to thermal expansion.