A periodically poled microring resonator structure, a method for fabrication of the periodically poled microring resonator structure, and a method to achieve giant single-photon nonlinearity are disclosed. The strong single-photon nonlinearity in the microring resonator structure is achieved through its optimized design and fabrication procedures.

An optical device includes a first waveguide that propagates light in a first direction; and a second waveguide including a first mirror, a second mirror, and an optical waveguide layer. The first mirror extends in the first direction and has a first reflecting surface, and the second mirror extends in the first direction and has a second reflecting surface. The optical waveguide layer is located between the first and second mirrors and propagates the light in the first direction. A forward end portion of the first waveguide is disposed inside the optical waveguide layer. In a region in which the first and second waveguides overlap each other when viewed in a direction perpendicular to the first reflecting surface, at least part of the first waveguide and/or at least part of the second waveguide includes at least one grating whose refractive index varies periodically in the first direction.

Provided is an electro-optical phase modulation system, including: an electro-optical crystal, a radio frequency circuit and a light source, light incident surface of the electro-optical crystal is in parallel with light exit surface, upper electrode surface thereof is in parallel with lower electrode surface, and an angle between light incident surface and upper electrode surface is Brewster angle; two electrodes of radio frequency circuit are connected to upper and lower electrode surfaces respectively, for transmitting radio frequency signals to upper and lower electrode surfaces, so that an electric filed, direction of which is perpendicular to upper electrode surface, is formed between upper and lower electrode surfaces; light source is located at a side of light incident surface, and incidence angle of beams from light source with respect to light incident surface is Brewster angle. The system is used to reduce residual amplitude modulation, and increase accuracy of phase modulation.

A substrate (102) having a piezoelectric effect, optical waveguide (138a, 140a, 138b, 140b, and the like) formed on the substrate, and a plurality of bias electrodes (152a, 152b, and the like) that control an optical wave (s) which propagate through the optical waveguides are provided, and the bias electrodes are constituted and/or disposed such that an electrical signal applied to one of the bias electrodes is prevented from being received by another one of the bias electrodes through a surface acoustic wave.

An electrochromic (EC) device and method, the EC device including: an optically transparent first substrate; a working electrode disposed on the first substrate and including electrochromic nanoparticles and a flux material having a melting point ranging from about 25° C. to about 500° C.; and an electrolyte disposed on the working electrode. The flux material is configured to prevent or reduce sintering of the nanoparticles at a temperature of up to about 700° C.

A deposition method for manufacturing an active electro-optic layer includes providing a substrate or a base layer; and applying an electric field across a silicon nitride layer as it is being deposited on the substrate or the base layer to cause a poling of a deposited layer. Alternative methods for poling an active electro-optic layer and an electro-optical device are also described.

A lithium niobate waveguide having weak phase drift includes a lithium niobate layer, a metal electrode, and a substrate layer. The lithium niobate layer includes a lithium niobate central ridge and lithium niobate extension surfaces extending towards two sides of the lithium niobate central ridge. A metal oxide layer is arranged on the upper surface of the lithium niobate central ridge. The substrate layer is located on the lower surface of the lithium niobate layer and is made of silicon, silicon dioxide, a multilayer material made of silicon and silicon dioxide or a multilayer material made of silicon dioxide, metal, and silicon, so as to further realize the purpose of inhibiting phase drift. Compared with other doped structures or other structures, the structure is simple in manufacturing method, and moreover, a very good phase drift suppression effect is achieved.

An optical device is provided, which includes: an optical waveguide provided in a substrate having an electro-optic effect; a signal electrode provided on the substrate and above the optical waveguide; and a peeling prevention film which is provided on at least a part of an outer peripheral portion of the substrate and at a position spaced apart from the signal electrode, and also serves as a ground electrode.

The systems described herein can be used to modulate either the phase, the amplitude, or both of an input light wave using micro-resonators to achieve desired degrees and/or types of modulation.

An optical modulator is provided. The optical modulator can include a wave guide layer made of an electro-optical material with two or more electrodes directly contacting the wave guide layer. Each electrode can include an associated optical wave guide region, which is located within the wave guide layer. Each optical wave guide region is aligned with a lateral location corresponding to an electric field peak, which can be generated during operation of the optical modulator in a circuit, associated with the corresponding electrode. One or more voltage sources in a circuit can be operated to generate an electric field peak at one or more of the electrodes.