An optical phase modulator comprises a cascaded array of optical resonators, wherein each of the optical resonators has an input port and an output port. A plurality of waveguides are coupled between the optical resonators and are configured to provide cascaded optical communication between the optical resonators. Each of the waveguides is respectively coupled between the output port of one optical resonator and the input port of an adjacent optical resonator. A transmission electrode is positioned adjacent to the optical resonators, with the transmission electrode configured to apply a drive voltage across the optical resonators. The optical phase modulator is operative to co-propagate an input optical wave with the drive voltage, such that a resonator-to-resonator optical delay is matched with a resonator-to-resonator electrical delay.

The disclosure provides a straight waveguide phase change all-photonic Boolean logic device and a full binary logic implementation method thereof, including a straight waveguide structure, a phase change functional unit covered on top of a waveguide and a protective layer thereof, and a waveguide Bragg grating structure. In terms of the logic implementation method, optical pulses are respectively input from two ends of the device to modulate the state of the phase change functional unit. The parameters of the waveguide Bragg grating structure are set to reflect the wavelength of the pump optical pulse, so that write pulses input from the two ends only act on the phase change functional unit closest to that end. A probe optical pulse with a specific wavelength is selected, and the probe light under the wavelength is less reflected by the waveguide Bragg grating and does not affect the reading of the state of the device. The disclosure has advantages such as anti-electromagnetic interference and parallel operation. Functions of 16 types of binary Boolean logic operation are implemented, which greatly improves the work efficiency of logic operation.

A display device includes a directional illuminator providing a light beam, a display panel downstream of a directional illuminator, for receiving and spatially modulating the light beam, and a beam redirecting module downstream of the display panel, for variably redirecting the spatially modulated light beam. Steering the illuminating light by the beam redirecting module enables one to steer the exit pupil of the display device to match the user's eye location(s).

An optical arrangement for light beam shaping in a light microscope has a first and a second liquid crystal region, each of which has a plurality of independently switchable liquid crystal elements with which a phase of incident light is changeable in a settable manner. A first polarization beam splitter is arranged in such a way that incident light is split in a polarization-dependent manner into reflection light, which is reflected in the direction of the first liquid crystal region, and transmission light, which is transmitted in the direction of the second liquid crystal region. The first or a second polarization beam splitter is arranged such that the reflection light and transmission light are combined onto a common beam path after phase modulation by means of the liquid crystal regions.

A holographic display and a method, performed by the holographic display, of forming a holographic image are disclosed. The holographic display includes an electrically addressable spatial light modulator (EASLM); a diffractive optical element (DOE) mask array arranged on the EASLM; and a controller configured to operate the holographic display to form a hologram image, wherein the controller is further configured to address the EASLM to backlight the DOE mask array required to form a set of hologram image voxels by turning on a corresponding EASLM pixel.

An optical neural network apparatus that optically implements an artificial neural network includes an input layer, a hidden layer, and an output layer sequentially arranged in a traveling direction of light, wherein the output layer includes an image sensor including a plurality of light sensing pixels arranged in two dimensions, and wherein the input layer or the hidden layer includes at least one passive phase modulator configured to locally modulate a phase of incident light depending on positions on a two dimensional plane.

Described examples include an apparatus having a phase light modulator. The apparatus also has a first light source configured to direct a first light beam to the phase light modulator, the phase light modulator configured to provide a first modulated light beam directed to a first field of view. The apparatus also has a second light source configured to direct a second light beam to the phase light modulator, the phase light modulator configured to provide a second modulated light beam directed to a second field of view. The apparatus also has a first light detector configured to detect the first modulated light beam as reflected from the first field of view; and a second light detector configured to detect the second modulated light beam as reflected from the second field of view.

An optical apparatus for spectrally shaping a laser beam within a fiber MOPA laser is disclosed. The apparatus includes a birefringent optic and a linear polarizer. The laser beam is divided between two orthogonal polarization axes of the birefringent optic having polarization mode dispersion. Propagation of the laser beam through the birefringent optic causes a wavelength-dependent phase shift between components of the laser beam in the two polarization axes. A polarizing direction of the polarizer is oriented between the two polarization axes. Propagation of the polarization-dispersed laser beam through the polarizer modulates the power spectral density of a transmitted portion of the laser beam. This spectral modulation can be tuned to shape a Gaussian spectral distribution from the master oscillator into a uniform spectral distribution for amplification by the power amplifier. The uniform spectrally-shaped laser beam can be amplified to higher powers than the original Gaussian laser beam.

This communication device has a phase-modulation spatial light modulator; and a control unit which causes, during one frame time interval, the phase-modulation spatial light modulator to operate with first and second operation patterns. In a predetermined period within the one frame time interval, the first operation pattern includes a first light transmittable interval during which first signal light can be output, and a first pause interval during which the first signal light cannot be output whereas the second operation pattern includes a second light transmittable interval during which second signal light can be output, and a second pause interval during which the second signal light cannot be output. The first and second light transmittable intervals are each longer than a half of the predetermined period. The second pause interval is present within the first light transmittable interval, and the first pause interval is present within the second light transmittable interval.

An optical phase shifter may include a waveguide core that has a top surface, and a semiconductor contact that is laterally displaced relative to the waveguide core and is electrically connected to the waveguide core. A top surface of the semiconductor contact is above the top surface of the waveguide core. The waveguide core may include a p-type core region and an n-type core region. A p-type semiconductor region may be in physical contact with the n-type core region of the waveguide core, and an n-type semiconductor region may be in physical contact with the p-type core region of the waveguide core. A phase shifter region and a light-emitting region may be disposed at different depth levels, and the light-emitting region may emit light from a phase shifter region that is in a position adjacent to the light-emitting region.