An optical device may include an optical filter array comprising an array of bandpass filters, and a liquid-crystal (LC) panel comprising an array of LC regions. An aspect ratio of the LC panel may match an aspect ratio of the optical filter array such that each LC region, of the array of LC regions, is associated with a respective bandpass filter of the array of bandpass filters A LC region, of the array of LC regions, may selectively transmit light that is incident on the LC region.

An optical device according to the embodiment of the inventive concept includes a waveguide path including a light generation region, a wavelength variable region, and a light modulation region, a first light waveguide layer provided in the light generation region to generate light, a second light waveguide layer provided in the wavelength variable region and connected to the first light waveguide layer, a ring-shaped third light waveguide layer provided in the light modulation region and connected to the second light waveguide layer, and first and second light modulation electrodes spaced apart from each other with the light modulation region therebetween. Here, the first light modulation electrode, the third light waveguide layer, and the second light modulation electrode vertically overlap each other.

Diffractive optical structures, lenses, waveplates, devices, systems and methods, which have the same effect on light regardless of temperature within an operating temperature range. Temperature-compensated switchable diffractive waveplate systems, in which the diffraction efficiency can be maximized for the operating wavelength and temperature by means of adjustment of the electric potential across the liquid crystal or other anisotropic material in the diffracting state of the diffractive state, based on prior measurements of diffraction efficiency as a function of wavelength and temperature. The switchable diffractive waveplates can be a switchable diffractive waveplate diffuser, a switchable cycloidal diffractive waveplate, and a switchable diffractive waveplate lens. An electronic controller can apply an electric potential to the switchable diffractive waveplate. Amplitudes of the electric potential can be determined from lookup tables such that diffraction efficiency at an operating wavelength and measured temperature is maximized. A communications channel can transfer the measured temperature from temperature measurement means to the electronic controller.

An electro-holographic light field generator device is disclosed. The light field generator device has an optical substrate with a waveguide face and an exit face. One or more surface acoustic wave (SAW) optical modulator devices are included within each light field generator device. The SAW devices each include a light input, a waveguide, and a SAW transducer, all configured for guided mode confinement of input light within the waveguide. A leaky mode deflection of a portion of the waveguided light, or diffractive light, impinges upon the exit face. Multiple output optics at the exit face are configured for developing from each of the output optics a radiated exit light from the diffracted light for at least one of the waveguides. An RF controller is configured to control the SAW devices to develop the radiated exit light as a three-dimensional output light field with horizontal parallax and compatible with observer vertical motion.

An electro-holographic light field generator device is disclosed. The light field generator device has an optical substrate with a waveguide face and an exit face. One or more surface acoustic wave (SAW) optical modulator devices are included within each light field generator device. The SAW devices each include a light input, a waveguide, and a SAW transducer, all configured for guided mode confinement of input light within the waveguide. A leaky mode deflection of a portion of the waveguided light, or diffractive light, impinges upon the exit face. Multiple output optics at the exit face are configured for developing from each of the output optics a radiated exit light from the diffracted light for at least one of the waveguides. An RF controller is configured to control the SAW devices to develop the radiated exit light as a three-dimensional output light field with horizontal parallax and compatible with observer vertical motion.

Disclosed are a display panel, a method for manufacturing the same, and a display device. An embodiment of the disclosure provides a display panel including: a display module, and a filter layer located on a light exit side of the display module, wherein the filter layer is configured to be switched between at least two display modes so that it does not filter out light emitted from the display module in one of the display mode, and filters out light emitted from the display module in a preset range of wavelengths in the other display mode.

This patent document provides optical processing and switching of optical channels based on mode-division multiplexing (MDM) and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). In one implementation, a method is provided for processing different optical signal channels to include receiving different input optical signal channels in different optical waveguide modes and in different wavelengths; converting input optical signal channels in multimodes into single-mode optical signal channels, respectively; subsequent to the conversion, processing single-mode optical signal channels obtained from the different input optical signal channels to re-group single-mode optical signal channels into different groups of processed single-mode optical signal channels; and converting different groups of the processed single-mode optical signal channels into different groups of output optical signal channels containing one or more optical signal channels in multimodes multimode signals to direct the groups as different optical outputs.

Provided are an imaging apparatus capable of maintaining favorable visibility of display in a finder, a finder display control method of the imaging apparatus, a finder display control program of the imaging apparatus, and a viewfinder. The viewfinder (30) includes an observation optical system (32), a finder LCD (36), a beam splitter (34) that superimposes display of the finder LCD (36) on an optical image of a subject observed through the observation optical system (32), an electronic variable ND filter (40) that adjusts a light amount of the optical image of the subject incident into the beam splitter (34), a transmittance measurement unit (90) that measures the transmittance of the electronic variable ND filter (40) changing over time in a case where the transmittance of the electronic variable ND filter (40) is switched, and a finder LCD display control unit (110b) that controls the light amount of the display device in real time on the basis of the result of measurement of the transmittance measurement unit (90). The finder LCD display control unit (110b) controls the light amount of the finder LCD (36) so as to keep constant a light amount ratio of the optical image of the subject observed through the observation optical system (32) and the display of the finder LCD (36) superimposed on the optical image.

The active matrix substrate includes gate lines, data lines, photoelectric conversion elements provided in pixels bounded by the gate lines and the data lines and electrically connected to the data lines, and a bias line that is connected to the photoelectric conversion elements and supplies a bias voltage to the photoelectric conversion elements. The active matrix substrate also includes first protection circuits connected to the data lines, second protection circuits connected to the gate lines, and third protection circuits connected to the bias line. Each of the first protection circuits, second protection circuits, and third protection circuits includes at least one nonlinear element. A nonlinear element in each first protection circuit has a higher resistance than a nonlinear element in at least one of each second protection circuit and each third protection circuit.

Various embodiments herein relate to electrochromic windows that are bird friendly, as well as methods and apparatus for forming such windows. Bird friendly windows include one or more elements that make the window visible to birds so that the birds recognize that they cannot fly through the window. Bird friendly windows can be used to minimize avian-window collisions, and therefore minimize avian deaths resulting from such collisions. In various embodiments, a window may be patterned such that the pattern is visible to birds. In these or other cases, the window may be made hazy, where the haze is visible to birds. The pattern and/or haze may be visible at wavelengths that fall in UV, and minimally noticeable (if at all) in wavelengths within the spectrum visible by humans.