The material for forming an underlayer film for lithography of the present invention contains a compound represented by the following general formula (1). ##STR00001##
(in formula (1), each X independently represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, R.sup.1 represents a single bond or a 2n-valent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, the hydrocarbon group may have a cyclic hydrocarbon group, a double bond, a hetero atom or an aromatic group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and each R.sup.2 independently represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, or a hydroxyl group, provided that at least one R.sup.2 represents a hydroxyl group, each m is independently an integer of 1 to 4, n is an integer of 1 to 4, and p is 0 or 1.)

Methods for processing a substrate having a structure formed thereon and a system for processing a substrate are provided. A substrate is received from first processing equipment, where the first processing equipment has formed the structure on the substrate. A lithography process is performed on the received substrate. The lithography process includes exposing the substrate under an optical condition. The lithography process further includes polishing a backside of the substrate prior to the exposing of the substrate, where the polishing is configured to remove a topographical feature of the backside of the substrate or to remove a contaminant from the backside of the substrate. The substrate does not undergo a cleaning procedure during a period of time between i) the forming of the structure on the substrate, and ii) the exposing of the substrate.

Methods for processing a substrate having a structure formed thereon and a system for processing a substrate are provided. A substrate is received from first processing equipment, where the first processing equipment has formed the structure on the substrate. A lithography process is performed on the received substrate. The lithography process includes exposing the substrate under an optical condition. The lithography process further includes polishing a backside of the substrate prior to the exposing of the substrate, where the polishing is configured to remove a topographical feature of the backside of the substrate or to remove a contaminant from the backside of the substrate. The substrate does not undergo a cleaning procedure during a period of time between i) the forming of the structure on the substrate, and ii) the exposing of the substrate.

A composition for forming a film capable of effectively functioning as a resist underlayer film exhibiting resistance to a solvent in a composition for forming a resist film serving as an upper layer, favorable etching property to a fluorine-containing gas, and favorable lithographic property. A film-forming composition including a hydrolysis condensate prepared through hydrolysis and condensation of a hydrolyzable silane compound by using two or more acidic compounds, and a solvent, the film-forming composition being characterized in that: the hydrolyzable silane compound contains an amino-group-containing silane of the following Formula (1):

R.sup.1.sub.aR.sup.2.sub.bSi(R.sup.3).sub.4−(a+b)  (1)

A measurement system used in a manufacturing line for micro-devices includes: a plurality of measurement devices in which each device performs measurement processing on a substrate; and a carrying system to perform delivery of a substrate with the plurality of measurement devices. The plurality of measurement devices includes a first measurement device that acquires position information on a plurality of marks formed on a substrate, and a second measurement device that acquires position information on a plurality of marks formed on a substrate. Position information on a plurality of marks formed on a substrate can be acquired under a setting of a first predetermined condition in the first measurement device, and position information on a plurality of marks formed on another substrate can be acquired under a setting of a second predetermined condition different from the first predetermined condition in the second measurement device.

A measurement system used in a manufacturing line for micro-devices includes: a plurality of measurement devices in which each device performs measurement processing on a substrate; and a carrying system to perform delivery of a substrate with the plurality of measurement devices. The plurality of measurement devices includes a first measurement device that acquires position information on a plurality of marks formed on a substrate, and a second measurement device that acquires position information on a plurality of marks formed on a substrate. Position information on a plurality of marks formed on a substrate can be acquired under a setting of a first predetermined condition in the first measurement device, and position information on a plurality of marks formed on another substrate can be acquired under a setting of a second predetermined condition different from the first predetermined condition in the second measurement device.

Organic coating compositions, particularly antireflective coating compositions for use with an overcoated photoresist, are provided that comprise that comprise a thermal acid generator that comprises: i) a pyridinium component having one or more ring substituents selected from optionally substituted alkyl and optionally substituted heteroalkyl; and ii) a sulfonic acid component.

A filtering device is for obtaining a chemical liquid by purifying a liquid to be purified, and has an inlet portion, an outlet portion, a filter A, at least one filter B different from the filter A, and a flow path which includes the filter A and the filter B arranged in series between the inlet portion and the outlet portion and extends from the inlet portion to the outlet portion, in which the filter A includes at least one kind of porous membrane selected from the group consisting of a first porous membrane having a porous base material made of polytetrafluoroethylene and a non-crosslinked coating which is formed to cover the porous base material and contains a perfluorosulfonic acid polymer and a second porous membrane containing polytetrafluoroethylene blended with a perfluorosulfonic acid polymer.

A filtering device is for obtaining a chemical liquid by purifying a liquid to be purified, and has an inlet portion, an outlet portion, a filter A, at least one filter B different from the filter A, and a flow path which includes the filter A and the filter B arranged in series between the inlet portion and the outlet portion and extends from the inlet portion to the outlet portion, in which the filter A includes at least one kind of porous membrane selected from the group consisting of a first porous membrane having a porous base material made of polytetrafluoroethylene and a non-crosslinked coating which is formed to cover the porous base material and contains a perfluorosulfonic acid polymer and a second porous membrane containing polytetrafluoroethylene blended with a perfluorosulfonic acid polymer.

Disclosed are an optical system for conditioning a beam of radiation, and an illumination system and metrology apparatus comprising such an optical system. The optical system comprises one or more optical mixing elements in an optical system. The optical system defines at least a first optical mixing stage, at least a second optical mixing stage, and at least one transformation stage, configured such that radiation entering the second optical mixing stage includes a transformed version of radiation exiting the first optical mixing stage. The first and second optical mixing stages can be provided using separate optical mixing elements, or by multiple passes through the same optical mixing element. The transformation stage can be a Fourier transformation stage. Both spatial distribution and angular distribution of illumination can be homogenized as desired.