An automatic vending machine having holographic products comprises: a user interface unit; a display unit comprising one or multiple displays; an image display processing unit for processing to display, on the display unit, a thematic image including a plurality of image objects and one or more three-dimensional product image objects included within the thematic image; and a sale processing unit for processing the sale of an actual product corresponding to the three-dimensional product image object selected for purchase by means of the user interface, wherein the image display processing unit rotates the three-dimensional product image object in accordance with a user input from the user interface unit.

An apparatus generates a coherent illumination beam. An embedded light-scattering apparatus in a transparent substrate illuminates a reflective optical element which is also embedded inside the same substrate. The reflective optical element is designed to provide a desired beam profile.

A structured illumination microscope includes a holographic image generator that generates a holographic image at a position overlapping an observation object. The structured illumination microscope further includes an image sensor that senses an interference image generated by overlapping the observation object with the holographic image. The structured illumination microscope additionally includes an image recovery processor that recovers an image of the observation object by comparing received data of the holographic image to received data of the interference image.

A projection apparatus, adapted to project a virtual image to a projection target, and comprising a light source module, a light modulator, an optical lens and an optical film is provided. The light source module provides a light beam. The light modulator adjusts a transmission direction of the light beam. The light modulator modulates the light beam according to an input signal to generate the virtual image. The optical lens has a front view direction on a reference plane. The projection target receives an environment beam in the front view direction to form an environment image. The optical film projects the virtual image to the projection target along a projection direction. The front view direction and the projection direction have an included angle on the reference plane. Moreover, an image projection method is also provided.

Systems and methods for sub-aperture correlation based wavefront measurement in a thick sample and correction as a post processing technique for interferometric imaging to achieve near diffraction limited resolution are described. Theory, simulation and experimental results are presented for the case of full field interference microscopy. The inventive technique can be applied to any coherent interferometric imaging technique and does not require knowledge of any system parameters. In one embodiment of the present application, a fast and simple way to correct for defocus aberration is described. A variety of applications for the method are presented.

In a first aspect, a multilayer film includes a holographic image layer, a first heat-shrinkable layer and a first adhesive layer between the holographic image layer and the first heat-shrinkable layer. In a second aspect, an authentication label includes a holographic image layer, a first heat-shrinkable layer, a first adhesive layer between the holographic image layer and the first heat-shrinkable layer, and a back adhesive layer.

A method of computing a hologram by determining the wavefronts at the approximate observer eye position that would be generated by a real version of an object to be reconstructed. In normal computer generated holograms, one determines the wavefronts needed to reconstruct an object; this is not done directly in the present invention. Instead, one determines the wavefronts at an observer window that would be generated by a real object located at the same position of the reconstructed object. One can then back-transforms these wavefronts to the hologram to determine how the hologram needs to be encoded to generate these wavefronts. A suitably encoded hologram can then generate a reconstruction of the three-dimensional scene that can be observed by placing one's eyes at the plane of the observer window and looking through the observer window.

A method and apparatus for generating a hologram pattern using depth quantization may generate a hologram pattern corresponding to a three-dimensional (3D) object in a hologram plane using color image information of the 3D object and a point of the 3D object included in a quantized depth layer.

A method of extracting particles from a two-dimensional (2D) hologram recorded as part of a digital inline holography system includes reconstructing a three-dimensional (3D) optical field from the recorded 2D hologram. In addition, particles are extracted/segmented from the 3D optical field, wherein segmented particles are identified by particle location in three-dimensional space and a cross-sectional area of the segmented particle. Based on the identified particle location and cross-sectional area, extracted particles are removed from the 2D hologram to generate an updated 2D hologram. These steps are repeated iteratively until a threshold is met.

Subject positioning systems and methods are provided. A method may include obtaining first information of at least part of a subject when the subject is located at a preset position, and determining, based on the first information, a first position of each of one or more feature points located on the at least part of the subject. The method may include obtaining, using an imaging device, second information of the at least part of the subject when the subject is located at a candidate position. The method may further include determining, based on the second information, a second position of each of the one or more feature points, a first distance between the first position and the second position for each feature point of the one or more feature points, and a target position of the subject based at least in part on the one or more first distances.