A display includes a projector configured to provide light of a virtual image, a waveguide into which the light of the virtual image is injected at an injection angle by the projector, and a combiner disposed along the waveguide and configured to redirect the light of the virtual image. The waveguide is configured to emit the light at a point established by the injection angle. The combiner is further configured to allow ambient light from beyond the waveguide to pass through the combiner. The waveguide constrains the light of the virtual image through total internal reflection along a curved path for the light between the projector and the combiner.

An optical system includes a substrate and a polarization volume hologram (PVH) composite film formed over the substrate. The PVH composite film includes a first PVH layer formed over the substrate and having a helix twist of a first handedness, and a second PVH layer coupled to the first PVH layer and having a helix twist of a second handedness orthogonal to the first handedness. The first PVH layer is configured to reflect and converge circularly polarized light having the first handedness. The second PVH layer is configured to reflect and converge circularly polarized light having the second handedness.

A liquid crystal grating and its fabrication method, and a display panel are provided in the present disclosure. The liquid crystal grating includes a first light adjustment component and a second light adjustment component, disposed oppositely. The first light adjustment component includes a first liquid crystal panel and a first polarization adjustment component; the second light adjustment component includes a second liquid crystal panel and a second polarization adjustment component; and using a second direction as an extending direction of a rotation axis, when the first light adjustment component is rotated 180° around the rotation axis, an alignment direction of the first liquid crystal panel is in parallel with an alignment direction of the second liquid crystal panel, and an optical axis direction of the first polarization adjustment component is in parallel with an optical axis direction of the second polarization adjustment component.

The present application provides a replicating method and a replicating device of a transmission type holographic optical element capable of mass-replicating the transmission type holographic optical element by a continuous and economical process.

Provided is a holographic display apparatus including: a spatial light modulator that modulates a wavefront of a reference beam to form a hologram image; an optical element arranged to change a position of a viewing window of the hologram image off-axis by a first angle; and an image processor that generates hologram data according to the position of the viewing window of the hologram image and a hologram image to be reproduced, and provides the hologram data to the spatial light modulator. The hologram image formed by the spatial light modulator is viewable from a side of the spatial light modulator.

A three-dimensional light modulator, of which the pixels are combined to form modulation elements. Each modulation element can be coded with a preset discrete value such that three-dimensionally arranged object points can be holographically reconstructed. The light modulator is characterized in that assigned to the pixels of the modulator are beam splitters or beam combiners which, for each modulation element, combine the light wave parts modulated by the pixels by means of refraction or diffraction on the output side to form a common light beam which exits the modulation element in a set propagation direction.

A polarization holographic microscope system is disclosed. The polarization holographic microscope system can acquire a birefringence image and a three-dimensional phase image with high sensitivity by aperture synthesis of sample beams at various angles, and a sample image acquisition method using the microscope system.

A spatial light modulator (SLM) includes a first liquid crystal panel and a second liquid crystal panel that are oppositely configured, and a polarization adjustment part configured between the first liquid crystal panel and the second liquid crystal panel. An alignment direction of the first liquid crystal panel is parallel to an alignment direction of the second liquid crystal panel. The first liquid crystal panel is configured to perform a phase modulation on incident linear-polarized light. The polarization adjustment part is configured to rotate, by a preset angle, a polarization direction of linear-polarized light exited from the first liquid crystal panel. The second liquid crystal panel is configured to adjust a polarization state of linear-polarized light exited from the polarization adjustment part to adjust an amplitude of exited light.

Provided is an image display device including a first light source configured to emit a first beam of light, a second light source configured to emit a second beam of light, a spatial light modulator configured to modulate the first beam of light and the second beam of light, a holographic optical element configured to focus, on a first focal point, the first beam of light emitted from the first light source and modulated by the spatial light modulator, and to focus, on a second focal point, the second beam of light emitted from the second light source and modulated by the spatial light modulator and a processor configured to control the first and the second light sources and the spatial light modulator.

Methods, apparatus, devices, and systems for displaying three-dimensional objects by individually diffracting different colors of light are provided. In one aspect, a system includes a display having a plurality of display elements and an optical device configured to diffract a plurality of different colors of light to the display. The optical device is configured such that, when the plurality of different colors of light is incident on the optical device, the optical device separates light of individual colors of the different colors while suppressing crosstalk between the different colors.