The invention relates to a watch, in particular a wristwatch, comprising a timer arrangement with an oscillation system. The oscillation system comprises a light wave guide arrangement with a light wave guide, an electro-optical converter adapted to feed a clocked light signal to the light wave guide arrangement, and an opto-electrical converter receiving the light signal from the light wave guide, adapted to generate an electrical signal based on the received light signal. The timer arrangement further comprises an electronic usage signal generating device configured to generate a usage signal based on a frequency of the electrical signal. The watch further comprises a watch display device adapted to display the time based on the usage signal.

The invention relates to a time-measuring system for measuring the running time of a runner (2) comprising, for sensing the presence of the runner on a presence line (3, 4.3) crossing the running track, a signaling device (5), which has a light-beam source (6) and a light-beam receiver (7), ahead of the running track (4) and, in the light beam oriented parallel to the running track, a reflector (10). The reflector comprises a deflecting mirror (10.1) and an end mirror (10.2). Both are positioned on the presence line (3) on different sides of the running track (4) in the horizontal plane of the light beam of the light-beam source (6) (light-beam plane) and are oriented in the manner of a prism in two vertical planes in such a way that the light beam crosses the running track (3) between the two mirrors at a substantially right angle and is reflected to the light-beam receiver (7).

The invention relates to a time-measuring system for measuring the running time of a runner (2) comprising, for sensing the presence of the runner on a presence line (3, 4.3) crossing the running track, a signaling device (5), which has a light-beam source (6) and a light-beam receiver (7), ahead of the running track (4) and, in the light beam oriented parallel to the running track, a reflector (10). The reflector comprises a deflecting mirror (10.1) and an end mirror (10.2). Both are positioned on the presence line (3) on different sides of the running track (4) in the horizontal plane of the light beam of the light-beam source (6) (light-beam plane) and are oriented in the manner of a prism in two vertical planes in such a way that the light beam crosses the running track (3) between the two mirrors at a substantially right angle and is reflected to the light-beam receiver (7).

A method for deriving an independent current time estimate from celestial sources comprising: providing a reference measurement for a variable-intensity celestial source, wherein the reference measurement comprises the celestial source's photometric structure at a known time, at a known stellar period, and at a known periodic phase; creating a phase-folded light curve for the celestial source; measuring an intensity of the celestial source at a subsequent time; comparing the measured intensity of the celestial source to the phase-folded light curve to derive a set of possible phase differences, wherein each possible phase difference corresponds to a potential derived time based on the known time and the known stellar period of the reference measurement; and analyzing the set of possible phase differences to derive the current astrophysical time.

A method for deriving an independent current time estimate from celestial sources comprising: providing a reference measurement for a variable-intensity celestial source, wherein the reference measurement comprises the celestial source's photometric structure at a known time, at a known stellar period, and at a known periodic phase; creating a phase-folded light curve for the celestial source; measuring an intensity of the celestial source at a subsequent time; comparing the measured intensity of the celestial source to the phase-folded light curve to derive a set of possible phase differences, wherein each possible phase difference corresponds to a potential derived time based on the known time and the known stellar period of the reference measurement; and analyzing the set of possible phase differences to derive the current astrophysical time.

The present application relates to a real-time measurement method and system for ultrafast space-time-frequency three-domain information based on space-time-frequency compression. The method includes: generating an ultrafast-pulse optical signal in a to-be-observed physical system; performing intensity-modulated spatial encoding on the ultrafast-pulse optical signal; arranging, by a space-time editor, a time-domain series of an encoded ultrafast-pulse optical signal in a horizontal space direction; performing, by a frequency-space editor, frequency spectral processing on a space-time distribution encoding form of the encoded ultrafast-pulse optical signal; performing, by a frequency-time delayer, frequency-time delaying on an encoded space-time-frequency synchronized ultrafast-pulse optical signal; performing, by an area array detector, real-time compression and acquisition on a high-frequency-resolution encoded space-time-frequency synchronized ultrafast-pulse optical signal, to obtain compressed encoded data information; and decompressing and decoding data according to the compressed encoded data information, to obtain space-time-frequency three-domain synchronization information of the ultrafast-pulse optical signal.

A time validation indicator is disclosed comprising at least a receiving layer and an activating layer. The receiving layer comprises at least one or more masking colorants and one or more deactivators that cause and maintain the one or more masking colorants in an initial colored state. The activating layer comprises at least one or more migratory activators that migrate into the receiving layer upon at least a portion of the receiving layer being placed in contact with at least a portion of the activating layer to initiate a predetermined time period. The migration of the one or more migratory activators into the receiving layer causes at least a portion of the one or more masking colorants to advance to a final colorless state resulting in a visual color change of the receiving layer that indicates the predetermined time period has elapsed. Also disclosed are methods for creating and using the inventive time validation indicator.

A time validation indicator is disclosed comprising at least a receiving layer and an activating layer. The receiving layer comprises at least one or more masking colorants and one or more deactivators that cause and maintain the one or more masking colorants in an initial colored state. The activating layer comprises at least one or more migratory activators that migrate into the receiving layer upon at least a portion of the receiving layer being placed in contact with at least a portion of the activating layer to initiate a predetermined time period. The migration of the one or more migratory activators into the receiving layer causes at least a portion of the one or more masking colorants to advance to a final colorless state resulting in a visual color change of the receiving layer that indicates the predetermined time period has elapsed. Also disclosed are methods for creating and using the inventive time validation indicator.

An elapsed-time determination apparatus includes: a storage unit that stores correlation information indicating a correlation between a state of a melanophore of a fish and an amount of time elapsed since the death of the fish; an acquisition unit that acquires an image of a fish; an analysis unit that detects a state of a melanophore of a fish by analyzing an image acquired by the acquisition unit; and a determination unit that determines the amount of time elapsed since the death of the fish in accordance with the state of the melanophore of the fish detected by the analysis unit, based on the correlation information, and outputs determination results.

A timing device comprises a sensing material and/or a component which is sensitive to the presence of an environmental attribute. The environmental attribute drives and speeds up or slows the timing device as the concentration of the attribute increases or decreases, respectively. Alternatively, the timing device is activated upon sensing the presence of the environmental attribute and indicates a total passage of time from exposure/activation of the timing device. Particularly, sensing materials of varying types are able to be used to indicate exposure to a variety of substances. For example, in some embodiments, the timing device comprises a sensing material which is sensitive to the presence of ultraviolet radiation. Alternatively, the sensing material is sensitive to other variables such as x-ray radiation and nuclear radiation. In further embodiments, the sensing material is sensitive to biological or physical contamination.