A method of predicting the temperature of a resistive heating element in a heating system is provided. The method includes obtaining resistance characteristics of resistive heating elements and compensating for variations in the resistance characteristics over a temperature regime. The resistance characteristics of the resistive heating element include, but are not limited to, inaccuracies in resistance measurements due to strain-induced resistance variations, variations in resistance due to the rate of cooling, shifts in power output due to exposure to temperature, resistance to temperature relationships, non-monotonic resistance to temperature relationships, system measurement errors, and combinations of resistance characteristics. The method includes interpreting and calibrating resistance characteristics based on a priori measurements and in situ measurements.

A method of predicting the temperature of a resistive heating element in a heating system is provided. The method includes obtaining resistance characteristics of resistive heating elements and compensating for variations in the resistance characteristics over a temperature regime. The resistance characteristics of the resistive heating element include, but are not limited to, inaccuracies in resistance measurements due to strain-induced resistance variations, variations in resistance due to the rate of cooling, shifts in power output due to exposure to temperature, resistance to temperature relationships, non-monotonic resistance to temperature relationships, system measurement errors, and combinations of resistance characteristics. The method includes interpreting and calibrating resistance characteristics based on a priori measurements and in situ measurements.

A thermostatic valve includes a valve body, first and second elastic members, a valve seat assembly, a valve core, and a thermal actuator. The thermostatic valve includes six ports, four valve port portions each having a valve port, and a first cavity and a second cavity which are isolated from each other. One of the third port, the fourth port and the sixth port is in communication with the second cavity, and the other two of the third port, the fourth port and the sixth port are configured to be in communication with the second cavity through valve ports; and one of the first port, the second port and the fifth port is in communication with the first cavity, and the other two of the first port, the second port and the fifth port are configured to be in communication with the first cavity through valve ports.

A thermo valve is configured by coupling a valve body to a thermo actuator via a coupling part. The valve body has at least two recesses extending in a peripheral direction. The thermo actuator and the valve body overlap each other in a direction of an axial centerline to cover at least one of the recesses. The coupling part is formed by at least a certain section of the overlapping portion being depressed toward the axial centerline and another section of the thermo actuator fitting in the recesses. The depression of the coupling part has a shape elongated in a longitudinal direction along the axial centerline.

A limit switch assembly including a shape memory member, a furnace system for incorporating the same, and a method for controlling a furnace are provided. The limit switch assembly includes a switch communicatively connected to a control board of a furnace. The switch is configured to send a signal to the control board when actuated. The shape memory member is configured to actuate the switch. The control board, in certain instances, shuts off the furnace and arrests the supply of combustible gas when receiving the signal from the switch. The shape memory member, in certain instances, actuates the switch as a result of being heated.

A mounting device facilitates connecting an Internet of Things (IoT) device, such as thermostatic radiator valve (TRV) and automatic temperature balanced actuator (ABA), to a hydronic heating/cooling system to control the temperature of a room by changing the flow of hot/cold water through radiator. The mounting devices includes a male section and a female section, which is attached to the IoT device. The mounting device may be installed in two stages. First, a male section is attached to a component of the hydronic heating/cooling system (for example, a valve or manifold) by threading the male section onto the component. Second, a female section, is positioned to male section and locked into place by releasing a sliding sleeve. The female section (with the IoT device) may be easily removed by retracting the sliding sleeve.

A thermostat device (8) for a cooling system in a vehicle. The device (8) includes a thermostat housing (15) enclosing a movably arranged valve body (16, 20, 34, 44). The valve body is configured to distribute coolant from a thermostat chamber (15a) to a radiator bypass line (9) and/or a radiator (11) in dependence on the position of the valve body. The device (8) has a first thermal expansion element (31) providing a first stroke of a valve body (16, 20, 34, 44) in response to the temperature of the coolant in a the pilot chamber (14a), and a second thermal expansion element (32) providing a second stroke of the valve body (16, 20, 34, 44) in response to the temperature of the coolant in the thermostat chamber (15a) such that the valve body (16, 20, 34, 44) is moved to a position defined by the strokes from the thermal expansion elements (31, 32). The pilot chamber (14a) has an outlet passage (14b) for directing coolant from the pilot chamber (14a) to the thermostat chamber (15a).

The disclosure relates to a tracking device configured to track an object in space, such as the sun, as the object moves across the sky. The tracking device may further be configured to direct a payload toward the object or toward an angle relative to the object. The tracking device may continuously or intermittently determine the location of the moving object, and adjust the position of the payload accordingly. The tracking device may calculate the position of the moving object based on GPS information, such as triangulated coordinates of the tracking device, date, and time. Generally, the tracking device may be capable of tracking an object such as the sun from anywhere on the earth's surface. The tracking device may employ one or more actuation assemblies to position the payload toward or relative to the moving object. The one or more actuation assemblies may operate through linear motion.

Techniques and mechanisms for enabling a flow of fluid through microchannels of a fluid conduit, which is thermally coupled to cool integrated circuitry. In an embodiment, sidewall structures of the fluid conduit extend from a base structure to form at least in part microchannels, which extend along the base structure. The sidewall structures accommodate a flow of a coolant fluid through the fluid conduit, where the flow in turn facilitates conduction of heat, which has been transferred to the fluid conduit from the integrated circuitry. The sidewall structures comprise pores, which extend through a corresponding sidewall structure between two microchannel regions. In another embodiment, a sidewall structure provides a gradient of average porosity along one or more dimensions.

A heating system includes at least one electric heater disposed within the fluid flow system. A control device includes a microprocessor and is configured to determine a temperature of the at least one electric heater based on a model and at least one input from the fluid flow system. The control device is configured to provide power to the at least one electric heater based on the temperature of the at least one electric heater.