A method of verifying execution sequence integrity of an execution flow includes receiving, by a local monitor of an automated device monitoring system from one or more sensors of an automated device, a unique identifier for each function in a subset of an execution flow for which the local monitor is responsible for monitoring. The method includes combining the received unique identifiers to generate a combination value, applying a hashing algorithm to the combination value to generate a temporary hash value, retrieving, from a data store, a true hash value, determining whether the temporary hash value matches the true hash value, and in response to the temporary hash value not matching the true hash value, generating a fault notification. The true hash value represents a result of applying the hashing algorithm to a combination of actual unique identifiers associated with each function in the subset.

A method of verifying execution sequence integrity of an execution flow includes receiving, by a local monitor of an automated device monitoring system from one or more sensors of an automated device, a unique identifier for each function in a subset of an execution flow for which the local monitor is responsible for monitoring. The method includes combining the received unique identifiers to generate a combination value, applying a hashing algorithm to the combination value to generate a temporary hash value, retrieving, from a data store, a true hash value, determining whether the temporary hash value matches the true hash value, and in response to the temporary hash value not matching the true hash value, generating a fault notification. The true hash value represents a result of applying the hashing algorithm to a combination of actual unique identifiers associated with each function in the subset.

An arrangement for redundant data processing has an integrated circuit in which the functionality of a multi-core processor is implemented. Processor cores (40; 50) of the multi-core processor are each designed to execute a useful program. The results which emerge from the execution of the useful program by the different processor cores are compared by a comparison module of the arrangement. The processor cores differ from one another with respect to an address or data structure (AS1, AS2; DS1, DS2) which is used by a processor core to respectively store and read data in or from a memory area (70; 80) that is assigned to the particular processor core. In terms of hardware, the individual processor cores are at least partially implemented separately in the integrated circuit.

An arrangement for redundant data processing has an integrated circuit in which the functionality of a multi-core processor is implemented. Processor cores (40; 50) of the multi-core processor are each designed to execute a useful program. The results which emerge from the execution of the useful program by the different processor cores are compared by a comparison module of the arrangement. The processor cores differ from one another with respect to an address or data structure (AS1, AS2; DS1, DS2) which is used by a processor core to respectively store and read data in or from a memory area (70; 80) that is assigned to the particular processor core. In terms of hardware, the individual processor cores are at least partially implemented separately in the integrated circuit.

A method includes assessing an input in a buffer against a rule in a first node of a rule tree to determine that an action should be performed and updating the buffer with results of performing the action. The method also includes inserting an indication of the input, the rule, and the results of performing the action into a tracker log and passing the updated buffer to a second node in the rule tree in response to determining that the first node points to the second node.

Modifying a trace to expose memory cell values prior to execution times corresponding to events that caused the memory cell values to be recorded. A computer system accesses a trace that represents prior execution of one or more threads and identifies a plurality of data packets that each represents a corresponding memory cell value read from a particular memory cell. The computer system selects a particular memory cell value represented in one of the data packets. The computer system modifies the trace by removing all but one of the data packets from at least one trace fragment, or by inserting data into the trace that exposes the selected particular memory cell value at an execution time during trace replay that is prior to execution times of the execution events corresponding to the data packets and removing the data packets from the trace.

A method of monitoring execution in an execution environment of an operation, for example a cryptographic operation, comprising a sequence of instructions, is disclosed. Instructions sent in the sequence from a main processor to one or more auxiliary processors, for example cryptographic processors, to execute the operation are monitored and the sequence of instructions is verified using verification information. The method comprises enabling output from the execution environment of a result of the operation in response to a successful verification of the sequence, or generating a verification failure signal in response to a failed verification of the sequence.

Performing a targeted partial recording of an executable entity includes executing the executable entity at a processor. While executing the executable entity, it is determined that a target chunk of executable instructions are to be executed as part of the execution of the executable entity. Each input to the target chunk of executable instructions is identified, including identifying at least one non-parameter input. A corresponding value for each identified input is recorded into a trace, along with information identifying the target chunk of executable instructions.

The present application relates to a kernel debugging system and method. The kernel debugging system includes: a user interface module, the user interface module being configured to edit program codes and output an execution result of the program codes; a compilation module, the compilation module being configured to compile the program codes into object files; and a Kwasm engine, the Kwasm engine being directly installed in a system kernel of an operating system, and being configured to interpret and execute the object files in a kernel mode, so as to obtain the execution result of the program codes. On the basis of the kernel debugging system, a user can write program codes like writing a common application program, namely, the program codes can be run and executed in a system kernel without paying attention to details of the system kernel.

The present application relates to a kernel debugging system and method. The kernel debugging system includes: a user interface module, the user interface module being configured to edit program codes and output an execution result of the program codes; a compilation module, the compilation module being configured to compile the program codes into object files; and a Kwasm engine, the Kwasm engine being directly installed in a system kernel of an operating system, and being configured to interpret and execute the object files in a kernel mode, so as to obtain the execution result of the program codes. On the basis of the kernel debugging system, a user can write program codes like writing a common application program, namely, the program codes can be run and executed in a system kernel without paying attention to details of the system kernel.