A laboratory tracer experiment system based on karst conduit medium characteristic inversion, having: a assembly model system of the karst conduit medium; a test bed, configured to support the assembly model system of the karst conduit medium; a water supply system connected to the assembly model system of the karst conduit medium to supply water to the assembly model system of the karst conduit medium; a full-automatic control system for tracer adding connected to the assembly model system of the karst conduit medium to add a prepared tracer solution into the assembly model system of the karst conduit medium; a real-time wireless monitoring system of fluorescent tracer; and a central control system for controlling the full-automatic control system for tracer adding, the water supply system, the real-time wireless monitoring system of fluorescent tracer and the high-definition camera recording system to communicate with the central control system.

A method for determining a physical similarity simulation material of a solid backfill body is provided. A compaction test is run on a gangue backfill body in a lab, to obtain a - curve regarding the gangue backfill body in the compaction process. Backfill blocks are made by using a thin wood board, sponge, and a paper sheet in different proportions, and then an unconfined compression test is separately run on the backfill blocks used for physical similarity simulation, to obtain .sub.i-.sub.i curves regarding the backfill blocks in the compression process. A sum of squared errors (.sub.i.sub.0).sup.2 is introduced to separately calculate a sum of squared errors of the backfill block and that of the gangue backfill body, and accordingly an error between - curves regarding the test block and the gangue backfill body is determined. Finally, a backfill block for which the sum of squared errors is less than 0.5 is determined as a physical similarity simulation material of the gangue backfill body. By fabrication and selection of similar materials, the present invention can reduce an error caused by a selected backfilling material during a physical similarity simulation experiment, guaranteeing the accuracy of the physical similarity simulation experiment for solid backfill mining.

A method for determining a physical similarity simulation material of a solid backfill body is provided. A compaction test is run on a gangue backfill body in a lab, to obtain a - curve regarding the gangue backfill body in the compaction process. Backfill blocks are made by using a thin wood board, sponge, and a paper sheet in different proportions, and then an unconfined compression test is separately run on the backfill blocks used for physical similarity simulation, to obtain .sub.i-.sub.i curves regarding the backfill blocks in the compression process. A sum of squared errors (.sub.i.sub.0).sup.2 is introduced to separately calculate a sum of squared errors of the backfill block and that of the gangue backfill body, and accordingly an error between - curves regarding the test block and the gangue backfill body is determined. Finally, a backfill block for which the sum of squared errors is less than 0.5 is determined as a physical similarity simulation material of the gangue backfill body. By fabrication and selection of similar materials, the present invention can reduce an error caused by a selected backfilling material during a physical similarity simulation experiment, guaranteeing the accuracy of the physical similarity simulation experiment for solid backfill mining.

A whole-process simulation experiment system has: a visualized model system with test samples and serving as a bearing device for the simulation of whole-process seepage of filling-type karst; a controllable support system supporting a visualized model box and controlling fluid seepage direction in the box by changing its inclination angle; a servo loading system controlling water pressure in the test process and providing four different loading modes for the box; a high-speed camera system recording water flow and particle motion in a transparent seepage model box in the seepage failure process; a comprehensive data measuring system monitoring and recording the change rules of factors including but not limited to seepage pressure, seepage amount and sand gushing amount in the seepage failure process; and an information analysis and feedback system recording and analyzing the seepage process and the whole seepage failure process in real time to achieve data processing and feedback.

A whole-process simulation experiment system has: a visualized model system with test samples and serving as a bearing device for the simulation of whole-process seepage of filling-type karst; a controllable support system supporting a visualized model box and controlling fluid seepage direction in the box by changing its inclination angle; a servo loading system controlling water pressure in the test process and providing four different loading modes for the box; a high-speed camera system recording water flow and particle motion in a transparent seepage model box in the seepage failure process; a comprehensive data measuring system monitoring and recording the change rules of factors including but not limited to seepage pressure, seepage amount and sand gushing amount in the seepage failure process; and an information analysis and feedback system recording and analyzing the seepage process and the whole seepage failure process in real time to achieve data processing and feedback.

A method for determining a physical similarity simulation material of a solid backfill body is provided. A compaction test is run on a gangue backfill body in a lab, to obtain a - curve regarding the gangue backfill body in the compaction process. Backfill blocks are made by using a thin wood board, sponge, and a paper sheet in different proportions, and then an unconfined compression test is separately run on the backfill blocks used for physical similarity simulation, to obtain .sub.i-.sub.i curves regarding the backfill blocks in the compression process. A sum of squared errors (.sub.i.sub.0).sup.2 is introduced to separately calculate a sum of squared errors of the backfill block and that of the gangue backfill body, and accordingly an error between - curves regarding the test block and the gangue backfill body is determined. Finally, a backfill block for which the sum of squared errors is less than 0.5 is determined as a physical similarity simulation material of the gangue backfill body. By fabrication and selection of similar materials, the present invention can reduce an error caused by a selected backfilling material during a physical similarity simulation experiment, guaranteeing the accuracy of the physical similarity simulation experiment for solid backfill mining.

A method for determining a physical similarity simulation material of a solid backfill body is provided. A compaction test is run on a gangue backfill body in a lab, to obtain a - curve regarding the gangue backfill body in the compaction process. Backfill blocks are made by using a thin wood board, sponge, and a paper sheet in different proportions, and then an unconfined compression test is separately run on the backfill blocks used for physical similarity simulation, to obtain .sub.i-.sub.i curves regarding the backfill blocks in the compression process. A sum of squared errors (.sub.i.sub.0).sup.2 is introduced to separately calculate a sum of squared errors of the backfill block and that of the gangue backfill body, and accordingly an error between - curves regarding the test block and the gangue backfill body is determined. Finally, a backfill block for which the sum of squared errors is less than 0.5 is determined as a physical similarity simulation material of the gangue backfill body. By fabrication and selection of similar materials, the present invention can reduce an error caused by a selected backfilling material during a physical similarity simulation experiment, guaranteeing the accuracy of the physical similarity simulation experiment for solid backfill mining.

A method for designing and manufacturing a building system in regards to environmental factors including, acquiring a visual image for determining topographic characteristics of a surface, generating a set of architectural geometries in a computing system, creating design models representing an architectural design of the building system, geometric comparison and evaluation of the topographic characteristics with the architectural geometries, selecting a design model for manufacturing the building system, manufacturing a plurality of interlockable building bricks, obtaining a plurality of interlockable modular structure by combining the interlockable building bricks, each of said bricks having a shell portion formed on the inner core of the interlockable building bricks so that the modular structure has common outer surface formed from said shell portion of each brick. The shell portion includes TiO.sub.2 exhibiting a radiation-protective effect and manufacture of the building system in regards to environmental factors.

A device comprises a processor; and a memory device including instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: obtain, from a server, a plate model, wherein the plate model includes a plurality of geodynamic units (GDUs) representing a plurality of different geological regions; receive a user-defined geospatial data of a desired geological region; perform an intersection operation between the user-defined geospatial data and the plurality of GDUs of the plate model, to assign user-defined geospatial data a GDU identifier; obtain, from a server, Euler rotation poles based on a user-specified geological age, each Euler rotation pole being associated with a GDS via the GDU identifier; and reconstruct the user-defined geospatial data to the geological age using the Euler rotation pole and thereby obtain a reconstructed paleogeographic position of the user-defined geospatial data.

A portable sand table, including a body including a top surface and a raised border disposed along a perimeter of the top surface, a plurality of hinges disposed at a bottom surface of the body to allow the body to fold in half, a plurality of removable legs to extend perpendicularly from the bottom surface of the body, and a plurality of leg storage portions disposed at the bottom surface of the body to store the plurality of removable legs therein when the removable legs are removed from the bottom surface of the body.