An Input/Output (I/O) circuit for a memory device is provided. The I/O circuit includes a charge integration circuit coupled to a bitline of the memory device. The charge integration circuit provides a sensing voltage based on a decrease of a voltage on the bitline. A comparator is coupled to the charge integration circuit. The comparator compares the sensing voltage with a reference voltage and provides an output voltage based on the comparison. A time-to-digital converter coupled to the comparator. The time-to-digital convertor converts a time associated with the output voltage to a digital value.

An Input/Output (I/O) circuit for a memory device is provided. The I/O circuit includes a charge integration circuit coupled to a bitline of the memory device. The charge integration circuit provides a sensing voltage based on a decrease of a voltage on the bitline. A comparator is coupled to the charge integration circuit. The comparator compares the sensing voltage with a reference voltage and provides an output voltage based on the comparison. A time-to-digital converter coupled to the comparator. The time-to-digital convertor converts a time associated with the output voltage to a digital value.

A data storage device includes a hard disk drive coupled to a printed circuit board (PCB), a volatile memory device coupled to the PCB, a non-volatile memory device coupled to the PCB, and a controller coupled to the PCB, such that the controller is in communication with the hard disk drive, the volatile memory device, and the non-volatile memory device. The controller is configured to identify patterns and/or structures of metadata for the hard disk drive, perform one or more of the following to the metadata to tailor the metadata: data shaping, content aware decoding, adaptive data trimming, and/or adaptive metablock sizing, and write the tailored metadata to the non-volatile memory device. The metadata is at least one of repeatable run out metadata, positioning error signal metadata, adjacent track interference metadata, and/or emergency power off metadata.

The present disclosure provides a bone conduction based sound generating lollipop, a processing method and a system thereto. The bone conduction based sound generating lollipop includes a housing, a trigger, a controller and a sound generating component. The sound generating component, the controller and the trigger are integrated in a packaging cavity formed by the housing, and a separate packaging of the sound generating component is eliminated. When a supporting component of the housing enters a human oral cavity, the trigger sends an opening instruction to the controller, the controller drives the sound generating component to vibrate, and then a vibration signal is transmitted to a human auditory system in a bone conduction manner after passing through the supporting component of the housing and an edible object attached to the supporting component, and passing through an oral tissue or teeth of the human body.

A semiconductor device capable of holding analog data is provided. Two holding circuits, two bootstrap circuits, and one source follower circuit are formed with use of four transistors and two capacitors. A memory node is provided in each of the two holding circuits; a data potential is written to one of the memory nodes and a reference potential is written to the other of the memory nodes. At the time of data reading, the potential of the one memory node is increased in one of the bootstrap circuits, and the potential of the other memory node is increased in the other of the bootstrap circuits. A potential difference between the two memory nodes is output by the source follower circuit. With use of the source follower circuit, the output impedance can be reduced.

A semiconductor device capable of holding analog data is provided. Two holding circuits, two bootstrap circuits, and one source follower circuit are formed with use of four transistors and two capacitors. A memory node is provided in each of the two holding circuits; a data potential is written to one of the memory nodes and a reference potential is written to the other of the memory nodes. At the time of data reading, the potential of the one memory node is increased in one of the bootstrap circuits, and the potential of the other memory node is increased in the other of the bootstrap circuits. A potential difference between the two memory nodes is output by the source follower circuit. With use of the source follower circuit, the output impedance can be reduced.

A memristor-based circuit includes a voltage generator that applies a series of voltage pulses to a memristor to progressively change the resistance of the memristor. A comparator: receives an input electrical value; receives an electrical value based on the resistance of the memristor; compares the received values; and, based on the comparison, enables the application of the voltage pulses to the memristor by the voltage generator until a defined condition is satisfied. This circuit can be used to enable the memristor to be programmed to a desired resistance value, such as for use as a non-volatile memory. It can also enable the resistance of one memristor to be replicated to another memristor. By counting the number of applied voltage pulses, the circuit can be used as an encoder or analog-to-digital converter. Other variants of the circuit enable construction of a decoder or digital-to-analog converter, and an authentication circuit.

A semiconductor device includes a first voltage generating circuit configured to output a first voltage based on temperature; an analog-to-digital converter configured to convert the first voltage into a temperature code; a code conversion logic configured to output an offset code and a level code of a temperature section which the temperature belongs among temperature sections based on the temperature code; an offset voltage generating circuit configured to output an offset voltage based on the offset code; a second voltage generating circuit configured to output a second voltage having a constant value within a temperature section based on the level code; and a temperature compensation voltage generating circuit configured to receive the first voltage, the second voltage, the offset voltage, and a feedback voltage and output a temperature compensation voltage, the feedback voltage based on the first voltage, the second voltage, and the offset voltage.

A plurality of bit lines corresponding to elements of an input vector intersect a plurality of word lines and a plurality of memristive cells are located at the intersections. At least three cells are grouped together to represent a single matrix element. At least three word lines correspond to each element of an output vector. An A/D converter is coupled to each of the word lines, and for each line, except a first, in each group, a shifter has an input coupled to one of the A/D converters. For each group, an addition-subtraction block adds the output of the A/D converter coupled to the first one of the word lines to outputs of each of the shifters except that for a last one of the word lines, subtracts the output of the last shifter, and outputs a corresponding element of an output vector.

A plurality of bit lines corresponding to elements of an input vector intersect a plurality of word lines and a plurality of memristive cells are located at the intersections. At least three cells are grouped together to represent a single matrix element. At least three word lines correspond to each element of an output vector. An A/D converter is coupled to each of the word lines, and for each line, except a first, in each group, a shifter has an input coupled to one of the A/D converters. For each group, an addition-subtraction block adds the output of the A/D converter coupled to the first one of the word lines to outputs of each of the shifters except that for a last one of the word lines, subtracts the output of the last shifter, and outputs a corresponding element of an output vector.