A switchable grating for phase contrast imaging comprising a reservoir with a medium and x-ray absorbing particles acoustically connected to a first ultrasound generator and a second ultrasound generator arranged along a side of the reservoir orthogonal to the first side. The ultrasound generators are each, individually or together, configured to generate a soundwave with a frequency and phase such that a standing wave is formed within the medium causing the x-ray absorbing particles to organize along pressure nodes of the standing waves.

The present disclosure relates to X-ray imaging systems and methods. An exemplary system may comprise a distributed X-ray source arrangement, a fixed grating module, an X-ray detecting device, and a computer workstation. In one illustrative implementation, X-ray sources of the distributed incoherent X-ray source arrangement may sequentially generate and emit X-rays to an object to be detected. Further, for each exposure, the X-ray detecting device may receive the X-rays, wherein after a series of stepping exposures and corresponding data acquisitions, at each pixel of the X-ray detecting device, X-ray intensities are represented as an intensity curve; the intensity curve may be compared to an intensity curve in the absence of the object to be detected, and a pixel value at each pixel may be obtained from a variation of the intensity curves; and image information of the object to be detected may be obtained according to such pixel values.

An accurate non-destructive inspection of a moving subject is conducted using a radiation source unit that irradiates radioactive rays toward gratings. Each grating includes a plurality of grating members. A radioactive ray detector unit detects the radioactive rays diffracted by the plurality of grating members. The plurality of grating members are arranged with a predetermined phase difference such that moiré pattern images respectively formed by the radioactive rays transmitted through first to third partial areas have a phase difference between the moiré pattern images.

The invention relates to a system and a method for active grating position tracking in X-ray differential phase contrast imaging and dark-field imaging. The alignment of at least one grating positioned in an X-ray imaging device is measured by illuminating a reflection area located on the grating with a light beam, and detecting a reflection pattern of the light beam reflected by the reflection area. The reflection pattern is compared with a reference pattern corresponding to an alignment optimized for X-ray differential phase contrast imaging, and the X-ray imaging device is controlled upon the comparison of the reflection pattern and the reference pattern.

There is provided an X-ray Talbot capturing apparatus that emits X-rays in a cone beam shape from an X-ray generator, capable of producing gratings as easily as possible and of minimizing a production cost. An X-ray Talbot capturing apparatus 1 includes a G1 grating that is a phase grating, a G2 grating that is an absorption grating, a X-ray generator 11 that emits the X-rays, and an X-ray detector that includes a plurality of two-dimensionally arrayed conversion elements and captures a moire image Mo formed on the G2 grating. The G2 grating is located at a position where a self-image of the G1 grating 14 is formed, and both of the G1 grating and the G2 grating are in a plane shape. Slits of the G1 grating are formed to be perpendicular to a surface direction of a substrate on which the grating is formed, whereas slits of the G2 grating are formed to be parallel with the X-rays emitted in the cone beam shape from a focus F of the X-ray generator.

The invention relates to a source-detector arrangement (11) of an X-ray apparatus (10) for grating based phase contrast computed tomography. The source-detector arrangement comprises an X-ray source (12) adapted for rotational movement around a rotation axis (R) relative to an object (140) and adapted for emittance of an X-ray beam of coherent or quasi-coherent radiation in a line pattern (21); and an X-ray detection system (16) including a first grating element (24) and a second grating element (26) and a detector element (6); wherein the line pattern of the radiation and a grating direction of the grating elements are arranged orthogonal to the rotation axis; and wherein the first grating element has a first grating pitch varied dependent on a cone angle (β) of the X-ray beam and/or the second grating element has a second grating pitch varied dependent on the cone angle of the X-ray beam.

An x-ray interferometric imaging system in which the x-ray source comprises a target having a plurality of structured coherent sub-sources of x-rays embedded in a thermally conducting substrate. The system additionally comprises a beam-splitting grating G.sub.1 that establishes a Talbot interference pattern, which may be a π phase-shifting grating, and an x-ray detector to convert two-dimensional x-ray intensities into electronic signals. The system may also comprise a second analyzer grating G.sub.2 that may be placed in front of the detector to form additional interference fringes, a means to translate the second grating G.sub.2 relative to the detector. The system may additionally comprise an antiscattering grid to reduce signals from scattered x-rays. Various configurations of dark-field and bright-field detectors are also disclosed.

A multiple X-ray beam X-ray source includes an anode structure and a cathode structure. The anode structure includes a plurality of liquid metal jets providing a plurality of focal lines. The cathode structure provides an electron beam structure that provides a sub e-beam to each liquid metal jet. The liquid metal jets are each hit by the sub e-beam along an electron-impinging portion of the jet circumferential surface that is smaller than half of the circumference of a cross-section of the liquid metal jet.

A phase-contrast x-ray imaging device is particularly suited for the medical field. The device includes an x-ray source for generating an x-radiation field and an x-ray detector having a one-dimensional or two-dimensional arrangement of pixels. A phase-contrast differential amplifier is positioned between the x-ray source and the x-ray detector. The phase-contrast differential amplifier amplifies spatial phase differences in the x-radiation field during operation.

This disclosure presents systems for x-ray microscopy using an array of micro-beams having a micro- or nano-scale beam intensity profile to provide selective illumination of micro- or nano-scale regions of an object. An array detector is positioned such that each pixel of the detector only detects x-rays corresponding to a single micro- or nano-beam. This allows the signal arising from each x-ray detector pixel to be identified with the specific, limited micro- or nano-scale region illuminated, allowing sampled transmission image of the object at a micro- or nano-scale to be generated while using a detector with pixels having a larger size and scale. Detectors with higher quantum efficiency may therefore be used, since the lateral resolution is provided solely by the dimensions of the micro- or nano-beams. The micro- or nano-scale beams may be generated using an arrayed x-ray source or a set of Talbot interference fringes.