In a rail inspection system, a positional deviation can be detected with accuracy. The rail inspection system includes a first sensor unit which is disposed to face a rail for a vehicle, and includes at least one receiver coil and at least one oscillation coil which are arranged in an arrangement direction intersecting with a layout direction of the rail, an AC voltage source which applies AC voltage to the oscillation coil, and a displacement detection unit which detects a displacement between the rail and the first sensor unit based on an induced voltage of the receiver coil. The first sensor unit is configured such that, when the displacement is a first displacement, a first maximum value appears in the induced voltage, and when the displacement is a second displacement, a second maximum value of which a phase is reversed against the first maximum value appears in the induced voltage.

An integrated circuit device and a high bandwidth memory device are disclosed. The integrated circuit device includes a plurality of warpage detection sensors at a plurality of different positions, respectively, and electrically connected in series. Each of the plurality of warpage detection sensors is configured to generate a clock signal with a period that is based on a resistance that varies based on a pressure at a corresponding position, and to generate digital data by performing a counting operation in response to the clock signal.

An integrated circuit device and a high bandwidth memory device are disclosed. The integrated circuit device includes a plurality of warpage detection sensors at a plurality of different positions, respectively, and electrically connected in series. Each of the plurality of warpage detection sensors is configured to generate a clock signal with a period that is based on a resistance that varies based on a pressure at a corresponding position, and to generate digital data by performing a counting operation in response to the clock signal.

A first nominally flat object is obtained that has a controlled warpage that has been measured in a manner traceable through a standard reference material to a fundamental unit of measurement. A measurement tool is calibrated using the first nominally flat object. After calibrating the measurement tool using the first nominally flat object, the warpage of a plurality of nominally flat objects is measured using the measurement tool, wherein the plurality of nominally flat objects is distinct from the first nominally flat object.

A support system of a slender article in a geometry-detecting machine includes a plurality of vertical constraint points with which the slender article is in contact, wherein the vertical constraint points are coupled in pairs by interconnection arms in turn including a constraint joint provided with a universal joint mechanism which leaves, to the arms, two rotational degrees of freedom along two orthogonal axes passing in the proximity of the longitudinal axis of the article, the constraint joints possibly being themselves similarly coupled in pairs until converging, in a multiple-layer sequence, towards a single constraint point.

A roughness measurement sensor (15), comprising a sliding element and a sensor tip (15.4), wherein the sensor tip (15.4) is arranged in the region of the extremal end of a sensor arm (13.1) which has a longitudinal extension parallel to a longitudinal axis (LA) and is mounted in a lever-like manner. In some embodiments, the sliding element is formed in the manner of a skid (15.3), and the skid (15.3) lies, as viewed in a sectional plane (SE), perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis (LA), laterally adjacent to the sensor tip (15.4).

A geometry-detecting machine for a slender body includes a fixed reference frame (30, 31) provided with at least one pair of constraint points (1) for the slender body and sensor element (28) for the spatial detection of the geometry of the slender body, wherein the constraint points are in the shape of vertical constraints points (1, 3, 5) coupled in pairs by interconnecting element (4, 34) in turn making up vertical constraint points to be coupled in pairs on multiple levels and wherein the interconnection element are pivoting arms, such to allow the slender body to meander freely in order to guarantee for the slender body an attitude as natural as possible.

Aspects include a hybrid socket dynamic warp indicator for socket connector systems and methods of using the same to measure the warpage of a printed circuit board assembly. The method can include providing a printed circuit board having a plurality of pads and a socket. A warp indicator having a plurality of solder joint connections and a resistor array is electrically coupled to the printed circuit board to build a printed circuit board assembly. The printed circuit board assembly is subjected to a thermal event. A resistance across the resistor array is measured after the thermal event. A number of separations between one or more pads of the printed circuit board and one or more solder joint connections of the warp indicator is determined based on a change in the resistance. A defective warpage condition for the socket is determined based on the number of separations.

The present invention provides a method for shape error in-situ measurement of toruses, and is realized based on a system for shape error in-situ measurement of large-scale toruses. The system for in-situ measurement comprises an attitude adjusting part, a rotating part and a measuring part. The attitude adjusting part comprises an attitude adjusting platform, an attitude adjusting platform motor and an adapter panel; the rotating part comprises a rotating index plate base and a high-precision rotating index plate; and the measuring part comprises a sensor clamp, sensor holders, contact sensors and associated equipment. The present invention realizes the application of the three-point method in shape error measurement of the torus, also realizes algorithm improvement of the three-point method in realizing shape error in-situ measurement of the torus, can realize shape error in-situ measurement of the torus, can greatly reduce the processing time of the part and can reduce the influence of repeated clamping on part precision.

In a rail inspection system, a positional deviation can be detected with accuracy. The rail inspection system includes a first sensor unit which is disposed to face a rail for a vehicle, and includes at least one receiver coil and at least one oscillation coil which are arranged in an arrangement direction intersecting with a layout direction of the rail, an AC voltage source which applies AC voltage to the oscillation coil, and a displacement detection unit which detects a displacement between the rail and the first sensor unit based on an induced voltage of the receiver coil. The first sensor unit is configured such that, when the displacement is a first displacement, a first maximum value appears in the induced voltage, and when the displacement is a second displacement, a second maximum value of which a phase is reversed against the first maximum value appears in the induced voltage.