An encoder system includes a signal processing circuit including: (1) a first position data detection circuit that detects first position data representing positional displacement in rotation of an input shaft through first predetermined signal processing based on a first detection signal input from a first absolute position encoder; (2) a second position data detection circuit that detects second position data representing positional displacement in rotation of an output shaft through second predetermined signal processing based on a second detection signal input from a second absolute position encoder; (3) a position data combination circuit that combines the first and second position data to generate combined position data representing the number of rotations of the input shaft and the positional displacement within one rotation of the input shaft; and (4) a position data comparing and collating circuit that compares and collates the first and second position data.

Provided is an encoder apparatus capable of reducing frequency of maintenance of a battery. An encoder apparatus includes: a position detection system including a detector that detects position information on a mover; an electric signal generator that generates an electric signal in response to movement of the mover; and a battery that supplies at least a part of power consumed by the position detection system in accordance with the electric signal generated by the electric signal generator.

An exemplary encoder assembly includes a substrate, a first encoder, and a second encoder. The substrate has two or more position sensors, each position sensor being configured for detecting a rotary position of a shaft or other rotating element of a machine. The first encoder includes at least one first position sensor of the two or more position sensors. The at least one first position sensor is disposed on the substrate for off-axis alignment with the shaft or other rotating element of the machine. The second encoder includes a second position sensor of the two or more position sensors, the second position sensor being disposed on the substrate for on-axis or off-axis alignment with the shaft or other rotating element of the machine. Each position sensor is configured to detect different or common signal types, and a signal type of the second position sensor excludes optical signals.

Provided is an encoder apparatus that is free from battery maintenance or has low frequency of battery maintenance. The encoder apparatus includes: a position detection system including: a scale; a light emitter that irradiates the scale with light; a light detector that changes a relative position thereof with the scale in response to movement of a mover; and a detector that detects position information on the mover based on a detection result of the light detector. The encoder apparatus also includes an electric signal generator that generates an electric signal in response to the movement of the mover; and a light emission adjuster that adjusts emission of light from the light emitter based on the electric signal.

Provided is an encoder apparatus that is free from battery maintenance or has low frequency of battery maintenance. The encoder apparatus includes: a position detection system including: a scale; a light emitter that irradiates the scale with light; a light detector that changes a relative position thereof with the scale in response to movement of a mover; and a detector that detects position information on the mover based on a detection result of the light detector. The encoder apparatus also includes an electric signal generator that generates an electric signal in response to the movement of the mover; and a light emission adjuster that adjusts emission of light from the light emitter based on the electric signal.

An encoder for detecting angular position of a rotor in a motor includes a modular hub, configured to be connected to the rotor, and sensing electronics mounted within an end bell of the motor. The modular hub provides a universal mounting configuration for connecting different configurations of the encoder to the motor. The modular hub includes a mounting portion and sensor face on which different elements for sensing may be mounted. The elements may include polarizing tape to reflect polarized light, magnets generating a magnetic field, or ferrous teeth configured to interact with a magnetic field. The sensing electronics include sensing devices corresponding to the elements mounted on the sensor face. The sensing devices may be a paired light emitter/receiver, magnetic sensors, or a paired magnetic field generator/sensor. The sensing electronics convert the sensed signals to uniform feedback data for the motor controller regardless of the encoder configuration.

An exemplary encoder assembly includes a substrate, a first encoder, and a second encoder. The substrate has two or more position sensors, each position sensor being configured for detecting a rotary position of a shaft or other rotating element of a machine. The first encoder includes at least one first position sensor of the two or more position sensors. The at least one first position sensor is disposed on the substrate for off-axis alignment with the shaft or other rotating element of the machine. The second encoder includes a second position sensor of the two or more position sensors, the second position sensor being disposed on the substrate for on-axis or off-axis alignment with the shaft or other rotating element of the machine. Each position sensor is configured to detect different or common signal types, and a signal type of the second position sensor excludes optical signals.

The present disclosure relates to a method of sensing rotation of a rotation member and an electronic device performing the method, wherein the electronic device may include: a housing including one side having a substantially circular opening; a substantially circular structure configured to be rotatably positioned in or around the opening of the housing; a first sensor configured to detect a first rotation of the structure to generate a first signal; a second sensor configured to detect a second rotation of the structure, to generate a second signal; a processor coupled to the first sensor and the second sensor; and a memory coupled to the processor, wherein the memory includes instructions to enable the processor, on execution, to detect the rotation of the structure based on at least a part of the first signal or a part of the second signal, to correct the first signal to reflect actual rotation of the structure, and to perform a predetermined action based on at least part of the corrected first signal.

The present disclosure relates to a method of sensing rotation of a rotation member and an electronic device performing the method, wherein the electronic device may include: a housing including one side having a substantially circular opening; a substantially circular structure configured to be rotatably positioned in or around the opening of the housing; a first sensor configured to detect a first rotation of the structure to generate a first signal; a second sensor configured to detect a second rotation of the structure, to generate a second signal; a processor coupled to the first sensor and the second sensor; and a memory coupled to the processor, wherein the memory includes instructions to enable the processor, on execution, to detect the rotation of the structure based on at least a part of the first signal or a part of the second signal, to correct the first signal to reflect actual rotation of the structure, and to perform a predetermined action based on at least part of the corrected first signal.

A plurality of surface emitting lasers are formed on the single surface emitting laser element. The plurality of surface emitting lasers have respective emission wavelengths selected from wavelengths satisfying condition of:

0<.sub.1.sub.s5.3610.sup.5.sub.c.sup.25.8310.sup.2.sub.c+32.4 where a first emission wavelength is .sub.1 [nm], a second emission wavelength shorter than the first emission wavelength is .sub.s [nm], and a middle wavelength between the first emission wavelength and the second emission wavelength is .sub.c [nm]. At least one of the plurality of surface emitting lasers has an emission wavelength different from an emission wavelength of another surface emitting laser.