The invention relates to a method for real-time performance check of transport refrigeration units comprising the steps of: comparing via controller temperature sensors by pairs and determining from these comparisons by pairs if one or more temperature sensors are defective or in some extent deviates from expected temperature readings; at the same time measuring/monitoring the mass flow of cooling agent through a compressor and through an evaporator expansion valve V.sub.exp which the controller by comparison determines if mass flow through the compressor do not deviate more than 25% from the mass flow through that evaporator expansion valve V.sub.exp; if said deviation of mass flow through the compressor is more than 25% different from said mass flow through the expansion device V.sub.exp, an error signal is provided

The invention relates to a method for real-time performance check of transport refrigeration units comprising the steps of: comparing via controller temperature sensors by pairs and determining from these comparisons by pairs if one or more temperature sensors are defective or in some extent deviates from expected temperature readings; at the same time measuring/monitoring the mass flow of cooling agent through a compressor and through an evaporator expansion valve V.sub.exp which the controller by comparison determines if mass flow through the compressor do not deviate more than 25% from the mass flow through that evaporator expansion valve V.sub.exp; if said deviation of mass flow through the compressor is more than 25% different from said mass flow through the expansion device V.sub.exp, an error signal is provided

A method for determining an estimated flow rate of fluid flow in a pump comprises: obtaining measurements of the pressure and temperature of fluid at the intake to the pump, the pressure and temperature of the fluid at the discharge from the pump, and the electrical power supplied to the pump; determining values representing either the density of the fluid and the specific heat capacity of the fluid, or the specific fluid enthalpy based on measurements and/or historical data; and calculating an estimated efficiency of the pump and an estimated flow rate of the fluid based on the measured electrical power, the measured temperatures, the measured pressures, the determined value for density and the determined value for specific heat capacity or the determined value for specific fluid enthalpy.

A method for determining an estimated flow rate of fluid flow in a pump comprises: obtaining measurements of the pressure and temperature of fluid at the intake to the pump, the pressure and temperature of the fluid at the discharge from the pump, and the electrical power supplied to the pump; determining values representing either the density of the fluid and the specific heat capacity of the fluid, or the specific fluid enthalpy based on measurements and/or historical data; and calculating an estimated efficiency of the pump and an estimated flow rate of the fluid based on the measured electrical power, the measured temperatures, the measured pressures, the determined value for density and the determined value for specific heat capacity or the determined value for specific fluid enthalpy.

A fault detection device includes a wastegate valve, a control unit, a working gas amount computation section, and a determination section. The control unit obtains a rotational speed of an engine, a boost pressure, and an intake air temperature. The working gas amount computation section computes a computed value of a mass flow rate of working gas in the engine by using the rotational speed, the boost pressure, and the intake air temperature. The determination section determines that the wastegate valve has a fault when the computed value is not a normal value.

A fault detection device includes a wastegate valve, a control unit, a working gas amount computation section, and a determination section. The control unit obtains a rotational speed of an engine, a boost pressure, and an intake air temperature. The working gas amount computation section computes a computed value of a mass flow rate of working gas in the engine by using the rotational speed, the boost pressure, and the intake air temperature. The determination section determines that the wastegate valve has a fault when the computed value is not a normal value.

A heating system includes at least one electric heater disposed within the fluid flow system. A control device includes a microprocessor and is configured to determine a temperature of the at least one electric heater based on a model and at least one input from the fluid flow system. The control device is configured to provide power to the at least one electric heater based on the temperature of the at least one electric heater.

A heating system includes at least one electric heater disposed within the fluid flow system. A control device includes a microprocessor and is configured to determine a temperature of the at least one electric heater based on a model and at least one input from the fluid flow system. The control device is configured to provide power to the at least one electric heater based on the temperature of the at least one electric heater.

A vessel designed for enclosing at least one sensor is arranged within a fuel tank. The vessel is provided with a fuel inlet connected to a refuelling arrangement of the tank, and with through-holes for the fuel to exit the vessel to the tank or to enter the vessel from the tank. It allows that measurement results which are provided by the sensor during a refuelling operation relate to the fuel currently admitted into the tank, separately from the fuel initially contained in the tank before the refuelling operation has started.

A vessel designed for enclosing at least one sensor is arranged within a fuel tank. The vessel is provided with a fuel inlet connected to a refuelling arrangement of the tank, and with through-holes for the fuel to exit the vessel to the tank or to enter the vessel from the tank. It allows that measurement results which are provided by the sensor during a refuelling operation relate to the fuel currently admitted into the tank, separately from the fuel initially contained in the tank before the refuelling operation has started.