A resistance pattern that contains platinum as a main component is formed into a meander shape and on a main surface of a ceramic substrate. A protective film layer that covers the resistance pattern has a two-layer structure including a trap layer as an inner layer and an overcoat layer as an outer layer. The trap layer contains alumina as a main component and 2 to 30 vol % of platinum. The overcoat layer contains alumina as a main component. With such a configuration, even when reactivity of the platinum resistance pattern becomes higher under high temperature use, platinum contained in the trap layer reacts with oxygen or impurities etc. contained in the ceramic substrate. Thus, reaction of the platinum resistance pattern can be suppressed.

In a particular embodiment of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed for improving for the stability of a resistance temperature detector (RTD). In this particular embodiment, the apparatus includes an RTD having a case surrounding a resistive meander deposited on a substrate. The RTD also includes a pull-down resistor. A first end of the resistive meander is configured for coupling to a positive power supply. The second end of the resistive meander is coupled to a first end of the pull-down resistor. The second end of the pull-down resistor is coupled to a ground. The case of the RTD is also coupled to the ground.

A temperature determination device includes: a temperature sensor connectable to a process device at a connection position and for acquiring temperature data; and an environmental sensor for monitoring an environment in a region of the connection position and acquiring environmental data for the region of the connection position. The temperature determination device utilizes the temperature data and the environmental data with respect to a determination of a temperature of the process device.

A sensor assembly for a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system includes a circuit board and a plurality of sensors disposed on the circuit board. The plurality of sensors is configured to detect one or more properties of an air flow directed across the circuit board and each sensor of the plurality of sensors is individually encapsulated by a respective amount of an encapsulation material.

A sensor assembly for a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system includes a circuit board and a plurality of sensors disposed on the circuit board. The plurality of sensors is configured to detect one or more properties of an air flow directed across the circuit board and each sensor of the plurality of sensors is individually encapsulated by a respective amount of an encapsulation material.

Aspects of this disclosure relate to a sheath closure for a dual-wall mineral insulated thermocouple cable. The new closure and methods are required to maintain the integrity of both the inner and outer sheaths or inner and outer walls of a dual-walled thermocouple design. As the inner and outer sheaths are different materials, they may require closure separately with no mixing of the sheathing materials during welding.

Aspects of this disclosure relate to a sheath closure for a dual-wall mineral insulated thermocouple cable. The new closure and methods are required to maintain the integrity of both the inner and outer sheaths or inner and outer walls of a dual-walled thermocouple design. As the inner and outer sheaths are different materials, they may require closure separately with no mixing of the sheathing materials during welding.

In a particular embodiment of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed for improving for the stability of a resistance temperature detector (RTD). In this particular embodiment, the apparatus includes an RTD having a case surrounding a resistive meander deposited on a substrate. The RTD also includes a pull-down resistor. A first end of the resistive meander is configured for coupling to a positive power supply. The second end of the resistive meander is coupled to a first end of the pull-down resistor. The second end of the pull-down resistor is coupled to a ground. The case of the RTD is also coupled to the ground.

A platinum resistance temperature sensor having a housing that contains a platinum member. The housing includes a first substrate having a first support and a second support spaced apart from an upper surface of the first substrate. The first support of the first substrate supports a first portion of the platinum member and the second support supports a second portion of the platinum member. Medial portions of the platinum member are suspended over the upper surface of the first substrate between the first support and the second support.

An acid steam cleaning apparatus for cleaning vessels using acid steam, comprising: a raw acid liquid container (1), a heater (2), a cleaning cavity (3), a double-walled tube, and a controller. The double-walled tube is installed in the cleaning cavity and has an inner tube (200) and an outer tube (300), wherein the inner tube (200) and the outer tube (300) closely contact each other; acid steam exit holes (230, 330) are provided around and/or at the upper portions of the inner tube (200) and the outer tube (300), the acid steam exit holes (230, 330) extending through the outer tube and the inner tube; the acid steam exit holes (230, 330) are in communication with the interior (220) of the inner tube (200); the interior (220) of the inner tube (200) is connected with an acid steam entry channel for forming an acid steam path; grooves (210) extending axially are provided on the outer surface of the inner tube (200); water/air entry holes (310) for water/air to enter are provided at the bottom of the outer tube (300), and water/air exit holes (320) for discharging water/air are distributed on the outer tube (300); the grooves (210) on the inner tube (200) are in communication with the water/air entry holes (310) and are in communication with the water/air exit holes (320) on the outer tube (300); the water/air entry holes (310) are connected with a water/air entry pipe for forming a water/air path. When vessels are being cleaned using acid steam, the vessels are fitted over the double-walled tube, and clean acid liquid and pure water pass through the acid steam path and the water/air path, so as to be separated from waste acid liquid, waste water, and waste air, such that the cleaning effect is improved, and the trouble of mounting and detaching components after cleaning is avoided.