An expectation module determines an expected average power consumption of a heat pump for a predetermined period as a function of indoor and outdoor temperatures of the building during the predetermined period. A difference module determines a power difference between an average power consumption of the heat pump during the predetermined period and the expected average power consumption of the heat pump for the predetermined period. A grade determination module determines a grade of the heat pump for the predetermined period based on the power difference of the predetermined period. A reporting module generates a displayable report including the grade of the heat pump for the predetermined period.

An expectation module determines an expected average power consumption of a heat pump for a predetermined period as a function of indoor and outdoor temperatures of the building during the predetermined period. A difference module determines a power difference between an average power consumption of the heat pump during the predetermined period and the expected average power consumption of the heat pump for the predetermined period. A grade determination module determines a grade of the heat pump for the predetermined period based on the power difference of the predetermined period. A reporting module generates a displayable report including the grade of the heat pump for the predetermined period.

An indoor temperature control system includes a server, a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, and a third temperature sensor. The server obtains a first heat adjustment amount according to a first temperature value of the first temperature sensor. The server obtains a second heat adjustment amount according to a second temperature value of the second temperature sensor. The server obtains a predetermined amount of heat of a predetermined region according to a third temperature value of the third temperature sensor. The server obtains a heat flow simulation diagram according to the first heat adjustment amount, the second heat adjustment amount, and the predetermined amount of heat. The server determines an operating time of an air conditioning device based on a target temperature, the second temperature value, and the heat flow simulation diagram.

An indoor temperature control system includes a server, a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, and a third temperature sensor. The server obtains a first heat adjustment amount according to a first temperature value of the first temperature sensor. The server obtains a second heat adjustment amount according to a second temperature value of the second temperature sensor. The server obtains a predetermined amount of heat of a predetermined region according to a third temperature value of the third temperature sensor. The server obtains a heat flow simulation diagram according to the first heat adjustment amount, the second heat adjustment amount, and the predetermined amount of heat. The server determines an operating time of an air conditioning device based on a target temperature, the second temperature value, and the heat flow simulation diagram.

A process fluid temperature estimation system includes a mounting assembly configured to mount the process fluid temperature estimation system to an external surface of a process fluid conduit. A sensor capsule has at least one temperature sensitive element disposed therein. Measurement circuitry is coupled to the sensor capsule and configured to detect an electrical characteristic of the at least one temperature sensitive element that varies with temperature and provide sensor capsule temperature information. A controller is coupled to the measurement circuitry and is configured to obtain a reference temperature and employ a heat transfer calculation with the reference temperature, the sensor capsule temperature information and the known thermal conductivity of the process fluid conduit to generate an estimated process fluid temperature output. The reference temperature is obtained from a reference temperature source selected from the group consisting of: a terminal temperature sensor, process communication, an electronics temperature sensor, an external ambient temperature sensor, and an estimation based on known thermal properties.

A process fluid temperature estimation system includes a mounting assembly configured to mount the process fluid temperature estimation system to an external surface of a process fluid conduit. A sensor capsule has at least one temperature sensitive element disposed therein. Measurement circuitry is coupled to the sensor capsule and configured to detect an electrical characteristic of the at least one temperature sensitive element that varies with temperature and provide sensor capsule temperature information. A controller is coupled to the measurement circuitry and is configured to obtain a reference temperature and employ a heat transfer calculation with the reference temperature, the sensor capsule temperature information and the known thermal conductivity of the process fluid conduit to generate an estimated process fluid temperature output. The reference temperature is obtained from a reference temperature source selected from the group consisting of: a terminal temperature sensor, process communication, an electronics temperature sensor, an external ambient temperature sensor, and an estimation based on known thermal properties.

An industrial process vessel insulation monitoring system for monitoring an insulated section of a process vessel containing a process material includes one or more condition sensors and a controller. The condition sensors are configured to sense at least one environmental condition, such as temperature, humidity, moisture level, and/or chemical composition, and generate condition outputs that are indicative of the corresponding sensed condition. The controller is configured to detect at least one section condition relating to the insulated section based on the condition output, and generate condition information relating to the at least one detected section condition. Examples of the section conditions include a thermal resistance of an insulation of the insulated section, damage or degradation to an insulation of the insulated section, corrosion of the process vessel at the insulated section, conditions that promote corrosion of the process vessel, and moisture intrusion to the insulation.

An industrial process vessel insulation monitoring system for monitoring an insulated section of a process vessel containing a process material includes one or more condition sensors and a controller. The condition sensors are configured to sense at least one environmental condition, such as temperature, humidity, moisture level, and/or chemical composition, and generate condition outputs that are indicative of the corresponding sensed condition. The controller is configured to detect at least one section condition relating to the insulated section based on the condition output, and generate condition information relating to the at least one detected section condition. Examples of the section conditions include a thermal resistance of an insulation of the insulated section, damage or degradation to an insulation of the insulated section, corrosion of the process vessel at the insulated section, conditions that promote corrosion of the process vessel, and moisture intrusion to the insulation.

A distributed metering device and method based on a matching coefficient, wherein the room temperature is regulated by means of an on-off controller according to an on-off time area method based heat metering device, and heat meter for the building is distributed to heat consumers according to a ratio of the on-off control valve opening cumulative time, the building area and the radiator power to a design heat load; or multiplying the ratio of heat meter reading of each household divided by heat load per unit area of each household to heat reading of a heat meter of each household of the entire building divided by the sum of the heat load per unit area of each household by the heat meter reading of a settlement point as the user's shared heat according to a heat meter method based household metering device.

Methods and systems for estimating remaining or utilized scrubbing capacity of a gas scrubber are described. Inside the gas scrubber, a reaction gas is produced by an exothermic or endothermic reaction. Temperature sensors are positioned along the gas flow path, and temperature readings are obtained. Temperature differences between pairs of adjacent temperature sensors are determined. The largest temperature difference for each such pair is recorded. A recent temperature difference is normalized by dividing the recent difference by the largest recorded for the same pair. One or more of the normalized temperature differences may be weighted. The normalized temperature differences and/or the weighted temperature differences are combined to provide a life-value, which is indicative of the remaining or utilized scrubbing capacity of the gas scrubber.