A method of validating a compressive axial preload on adjacent rotatable elements serially arranged around a shaft, created through application of a progressively increasing axial tension to a tensioning member configured to compress the elements when the axial tension is applied. The method includes monitoring a load in the tensioning member and/or in one or more of the elements, and an elongation of the tensioning member, during application of the axial tension, determining at least one validation parameter from the load and the elongation, comparing each validation parameter with a respective predetermined range therefor; and if at least one of the at least one validation parameter is out of the respective predetermined range, correcting the preload on the elements, and repeating the method. A method of applying the compressive preload and a system for validating the compressive preload are also described.

The instant invention describes devices and methods of measuring the differential air pressure at numerous representative points across the surface of the sail or sails and providing visual feedback of areas of ideal laminar flow and areas of less than optimal airflow with a calculation of thrust and providing an indication the maximal differential airflow and thrust. The invention utilizes an array of sensors that detect minute variations in barometric pressure and other data on each side of the sail surface. These sensors are connected together to form a network or net across the sail. This connection can be physical, using wires, or it may be wireless, using for example, but certainly not being limited to, Bluetooth LE 5.0 or other wireless topologies or technologies. This can be extended over multiple sails and monitor not only the sail but the interaction of the sails. Finally it can utilize a combination of wired and wireless connections to fit individual situations and can couple with existing terrestrial and satellite ship networks.

A system for reconstructing sensor data in a rotor system that comprises a rotating component of the rotor system, a plurality of sensors in the rotating component to sense at least one of loads and motion characteristics in the rotating component and to generate sensor data, and an analysis unit to generate reconstructed sensor data from the sensor data using numerical analysis for low-rank matrices.

A sensor system (10) and method for monitoring a powertrain (20) having a drive shaft (1). The sensor system (10) comprises an optical fibre (2) with a strain sensitive element (3). According to one aspect, a connection structure (4) is configured to hold at least a part of the optical fibre (2) with the strain sensitive element (3) at a radial distance (R2-R1) remote from the drive shaft (1) for amplifying the strain (S2) on the strain sensitive element (3) with respect to the strain (51) on the drive shaft (1). According to a further aspect, at least three respective lengths of one or more optical fibres follow parallel, e.g. helical, paths with respect to each other to distinguish different strain forces.

A method for monitoring a thrust fault of a turbofan during a modification of the thrust setting of the turbofan, the method including a step of processing the thrust setting via a filtering function and a transient-phase model such as to obtain a modelled thrust, a step of comparing the modelled thrust to the actual thrust such as to determine a thrust difference, a step of comparing the thrust difference to an alarm threshold; and a step of emitting an alarm in the event of exceeding the alarm threshold, wherein at a given iteration, in which the prior modelled thrust is known, the transient-phase model provides a time constant in accordance with the prior modelled thrust, and the filtering function provides a modelled thrust in accordance with the time constant obtained, the prior modelled thrust and the thrust setting.

One aspect is a structural fault estimation system for a rotor system. The structural fault estimation system includes a plurality of sensors operable to provide a plurality of measured rotor loads and motion of the rotor system. A rotor loads and motion estimator is operable to produce a plurality of estimated rotor loads and motion for the rotor system. A rotor fault estimator is operable to determine residual rotor loads and motion as a difference between the measured rotor loads and motion and the estimated rotor loads and motion, and estimate fault magnitudes for the rotor system using least squares relative to fault models and the residual rotor loads and motion. The structural fault estimation system can perform structural fault estimation in real-time on an aircraft while in operation.

A method for determining the thrust of at least one engine, which is held on a supporting structure of a vehicle, includes the steps of acquiring the elongation of at least one structural element onto which the thrust of the at least one engine acts, by means of at least one strain gage; calculating the force causing the elongation in the at least one structural element, taking into account the materials characteristics of the structural element; and determining the thrust of the at least one engine as an effective force component in the direction of thrust of the vehicle. It is thus not necessary to carry out an estimate of the thrust on the basis of other physical variables such as shaft speeds, pressure or exhaust gas temperature of engines.

The instant invention describes devices and methods of measuring the differential air pressure at numerous representative points across the surface of the sail or sails or aerofoils and providing visual feedback of areas of ideal laminar flow and areas of less than optimal airflow with a calculation of thrust and providing an indication the maximal differential airflow and thrust. The invention utilizes an array of sensors that detect minute variations in barometric pressure and other data on each side of the sail surface. These sensors are connected together to form a network or net across the sail or aerofoil sail surface. This connection can be physical, using wires, or it may be wireless, using for example, but certainly not being limited to, Bluetooth LE 5.0 or other wireless topologies or technologies. This can be extended over multiple sails and monitor not only the sail but the interaction of the sails. Finally it can utilize a combination of wired and wireless connections to fit individual situations and can couple with existing terrestrial and satellite ship networks allowing for or aiding in automated control of the sails by the network.

A pipeline-integrated measuring device includes a thrust fixed frame, a measuring fixed frame, a measuring moving frame and strain spokes. The measuring fixed frame is fixed on the thrust fixed frame and is connected to the measuring moving frame by means of the strain spokes. A first propellant supply connecting nozzle is arranged on the measuring fixed frame and is used to be in communication with a propellant supply pipeline on a test bench; propellant supply channels are arranged in the strain spokes; a second propellant supply connecting nozzle is arranged on the measuring moving frame and is used to be connected to an engine inlet pipeline; first sensors, second sensors and third sensors are arranged on the strain spokes; and the first sensors, the second sensors and the third sensors are arranged at maximum strain force positions in axial directions and lateral directions of the strain spokes respectively.

A testing device to test a component to be tested. The component to be tested has a motor and a propeller, and the propeller is connected to an output end of the motor. The testing device has a bottom plate (1); a transmission mechanism (2) comprising a transmission shaft (21) and a support seat (22), and the transmission shaft (21) is used to connect the motor and the support seat (22), and the support seat (22) is used to support the transmission shaft (21), and the support seat (22) is slidably connected to the bottom plate (1); a first sensor (3) arranged on the bottom plate (1), and the transmission mechanism (2) is configured to move along an axial direction of the transmission shaft (21) and abut against the first sensor (3), so that the first sensor (3) measures the pulling force or thrust of the component to be tested.