Systems configured to perform determining a measurement time period, generating a plurality of clock signals, receiving a plurality of analog signals during the determined measurement time period, the measurement time period establishing a maximum signal resolution associated with the clock and a sigma-delta modulator as a function of analog to digital conversion time to obtain a higher signal resolution, modulating the received plurality of analog signals to generate a frequency data stream over the measurement time period based on the received plurality of analog signals by synchronizing each of the received plurality of analog signals to a corresponding one of the generated plurality of clock signals, and filtering one or more signal artifacts from the frequency data stream over the measurement time period.

A method of fit testing includes providing a respirator; providing a sensor having a sensing element removably positioned substantially within an interior gas space of the respirator; providing a reader configured to be in wireless communication with the sensor; positioning the respirator over a mouth and a nose of a user while the sensor is positioned substantially within an interior gas space of the respirator; and observing respirator fit assessment data communicated from the sensor to the reader.

An electric meter for measuring metal impurities in a fuel tank, comprising: a frame; two electric electrodes supported by the frame; an electric measurement meter connected to the two electric electrodes by using two conductive wires; the electric measurement meter serving to measure the electric properties between the two electric electrodes. In use, the frame with the two electric electrodes is placed into a fuel tank and is sunk into the bottom of the fuel tank; and the electric force of the two electric electrodes will attract the metal impurities in the fuel tank so that the electric measurement meter can measure the electric properties between the two electric electrodes; by the electric property, it can be used to determine the quantity of the metal impurities within the fuel tank so as to determine whether the fuel tank exists too much metal impurities and is needed to be cleaned.

An antibiotic susceptibility testing device of gram-negative bacteria, as well as a corresponding method, are discussed. The device has a temperature control unit (including a constant temperature chamber) and a contactless conductivity-based measurement system. Disposable glassy or PVC tubes are used as test vessels for AST. In the performance of AST assay, appropriate kind of liquid medium containing identical amount of target bacterial cells and target antibiotics at different concentrations are loaded into test tubes, following by incubation in the device at a setup temperature. The bacterial growth profile is monitored by collecting the differential values (ΔC) of conductivity of liquid medium, which depend on the proliferation of viable cells. Outcome of ΔC indicates whether the target bacterial cells are completely inhibited by the test antibiotic or not, enabling the user to judge the value of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) simply.

A sensor board includes an insulating substrate having an upper surface and a lower surface, first detection electrodes located on the upper surface of the insulating substrate, second detection electrodes located on the lower surface of the insulating substrate, and a heat generator located between the first detection electrodes and the second detection electrodes inside the insulating substrate and including at least one conductor layer. A portion of the insulating substrate between the heat generator and the first detection electrodes has the same thickness as a portion of the insulating substrate between the heat generator and the second detection electrodes.

A sensor for detecting properties of a gas, gas mixture, or a gas or gas mixture containing particles, all collectively referred to as a “gas”. A flow tube contains a pair of electrodes arranged such that at least a portion of the gas flows between the electrodes. A controller applies voltage to the electrodes and measures response data from the electrodes representing the voltage-current relationship and voltage breakdown between the electrodes while the gas is between the electrodes. Based on the response data, the controller determine a concentration of the gas or a concentration of particles within the gas.

A nebulizer system capable of identifying when activation has occurred and aerosol is being produced. The nebulizer system monitors the inhalation and exhalation flow generated by the patient and communicates proper breathing technique for optimal drug delivery. The nebulizer system may monitor air supply to the nebulizer to ensure it is within the working range and is producing, or is capable of producing, acceptable particle size and drug output rate. When a patient, caregiver or other user deposits or inserts medication into the nebulizer, the nebulizer system is able to identify the medication and determine the appropriate delivery methods required to properly administer the medication as well as output this information into a treatment log to ensure the patient is taking the proper medications. The system is able to measure the concentration of the medication and volume of the medication placed within the medication receptacle, e.g., bowl.

A sensor relating to one embodiment of the present invention includes a first electrode, a second electrode, an attracting portion arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, where the attracting portion attracts conductive particles smaller than a gap between the first electrode and the second electrode to cause a change in electrical resistance between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a short circuit preventing portion for preventing a large-diameter conductive piece from causing a short circuit between the first electrode and the second electrode, where the large-diameter conductive piece has a larger dimension than the gap between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Systems, apparatuses, and methods for monitoring an environment are provided. One system includes a monitoring unit positioned within an environment and including an acoustic sensor configured to generate detected acoustic data regarding acoustics in the environment, and a controller having one or more processors and one or more non-transitory memory devices that store instructions for controlling the one or more first processors to receive and store the detected acoustic data, determine, based on the detected acoustic data, whether a noise is above a threshold, and determine, based on the detected acoustic data and that the noise is above the threshold, an estimated source of the noise.

A gas turbine engine can have a magnetic chip detector system with a first conductor member and a second conductor member both exposed to a lubricant flow path of the gas turbine engine, at least a first one of the conductor members including an electromagnet including a coil wrapped around a ferromagnetic core. As part of an engine shutdown procedure, an intrinsic magnetic field strength within the ferromagnetic core can be increased by circulating electrical current in the coil, and the electrical current circulation can then be interrupted for the magnetic field to remain active during engine shutdown.