Provided is a sensor that can appropriately sense the amount of abrasion powder (conductive substance) in a mechanical device of any size, and thereby to provide a sensor that can be generally used for preventive maintenance of any mechanical parts. The sensor includes a first electrode and a second electrode. A voltage is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode to accumulate conductive substance between the first and second electrodes in order to sense a decrease in electric resistance between the first and second electrodes. The distance between the first electrode and the second electrode is adjustable.

A mold sensor is configured with an enclosed chamber in which a nutrient-treated substrate is positioned. The mold sensor includes a sensing system that is configured to measure properties of pressure waves within the enclosed chamber. A controller operates the sensing system and is programmed to detect a presence of mold growing in the chamber based on the characteristics of the pressure wave response within the chamber.

A sensor for detecting properties of a gas, gas mixture, or a gas or gas mixture containing particles, all collectively referred to as a “gas”. A flow tube contains a pair of electrodes arranged such that at least a portion of the gas flows between the electrodes. A controller applies voltage to the electrodes and measures response data from the electrodes representing the voltage-current relationship between the electrodes while the gas is between the electrodes. Based on the response data, the controller determines a concentration of particles within the gas.

Disclosed is a method for simultaneous determination of particle size distribution, concentrations of nanoparticulate mercury (Hg-NPs) in natural soils. The method uses sodium pyrophosphate as the extractant, and allows quick extraction of Hg-NPs in the soil without dissolution or aggregation. In combination with spICP-MS determination, the method makes it possible to simultaneously determine the particle size distribution and concentration of Hg-NPs in the complex soil matrix, with accurate determination results.

There is described a system for analyzing an air condition. The system comprises a detection unit configured for detecting of detection signals indicative of a bacteria-related contamination of an evaporator and/or an air filter of the air condition, an analyzing unit configured for analyzing of a level of contamination of the evaporator and/or the air filter based on the detection signals, and an output unit configured for outputting the analyzed level of contamination of the evaporator and/or the air filter to a user.

A sensor relating to one embodiment of the present invention includes a first electrode, a second electrode, an attracting portion arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, where the attracting portion attracts conductive particles smaller than a gap between the first electrode and the second electrode to cause a change in electrical resistance between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a short circuit preventing portion for preventing a large-diameter conductive piece from causing a short circuit between the first electrode and the second electrode, where the large-diameter conductive piece has a larger dimension than the gap between the first electrode and the second electrode.

A process for preparing paramagnetic compounds is described. A paramagnetic compound made by the process is described, including its use in density-based analysis by MagLev.

A resistive particle sensor is described for detecting soot in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, including a sensor element having two strip conductors, which extend spaced apart in meanders in parallel to one another in an area of the sensor element that may be exposed to the exhaust gas, and a resistance strip conductor, the two strip conductors each being capacitively connected via capacitor elements to the resistance strip conductor.

A method for detecting particles in a liquid includes following operations. A detection device is provided. A chemical liquid is provided to flow through the detection device. A capacitance of the detection device is measured during the flowing of the chemical liquid. A dielectric constant of the chemical liquid is calculated according to the capacitance of the detection device. When the dielectric constant of the chemical liquid is between an upper limit and a lower limit, the chemical liquid is determined to be normal.

The present disclosure provides a camera module, a circuit board assembly and a manufacturing method thereof, and an electronic device with the camera module, wherein the circuit board assembly comprises at least one electronic component, a substrate, and a molding unit. At least one of the electronic components is connected to the substrate conductively on a back face of the substrate. The molding unit comprises a back molding portion and a molding base, wherein the molding base is bonded to a front face of the substrate integrally when the back molding portion is bonded to at least a part of an area of the back face of the substrate integrally. There may be no need to reserve a position on the front face of the substrate to conductively connect the electronic components, so that the length and width of the camera module can be reduced, thereby reducing the volume of the camera module.