A method for establishing a posteriori a match between a piece of wood and a log from which the piece of wood has been obtained, comprising the following operating steps of performing a tomographic scan of the wooden log, of calculating or selecting a log cutting pattern, of defining, starting with the tomographic information available, one or more virtual individualising characteristics which are linked to the distribution and/or size of physical characteristics of the log inside and/or on the surface of the self-same virtual piece of wood, of saving them in a database, together with information about the identity of the log, of dividing the log into real pieces of wood according to the cutting pattern, of acquiring real information about the distribution and/or size of physical characteristics of the log inside and/or on the surface of a real piece of wood and of defining corresponding real individualising characteristics to be compared with virtual individualising characteristics saved and of identifying an origin of the real piece of wood based on the information about the identity of the log which is saved together with the virtual individualising characteristics which match the real individualising characteristics.

Method for determining the concentrations of constituent chemical species in a mixture, including the steps of: using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, acquiring an NMR measurement for a sample of the mixture; and for each of the constituent chemical species, retrieving a reference model representative of the NMR FID signal or frequency domain spectra from a database. Each model has a number of parameters, and for at least one of the constituent chemical species, the reference model is a quantum mechanical model. The method further includes, using a computer, generating a model signal for the mixture and adjusting some or all of the model parameters to fit the model signal to the measured data; and based on the fitted model signal, calculating and displaying the concentrations of the constituent species in the sample.

The present invention relates to use of low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) in the design of a formula of a water-based printing ink and selection of a water-based printing ink or a wetting agent. The present invention quickly selects a water-based printing ink or a wetting agent through the inversion data of an LF-NMR transverse relaxation time (T.sub.2). By using LF-NMR to detect the distribution of water (free water, hydrogen bonded water and bound water) in the water-based printing ink or wetting agent, the present invention achieves rapid real-time detection and selects a high-quality water-based printing ink, which contributes to the design and development of water-based printing inks. The present invention can also adjust the state of water in the ink based on the relationship between the distribution state of water in the printing ink and the definition of the printed pattern, thereby ensuring the definition of the printed pattern.

A method of using the transverse relaxation rate (R.sub.2) of solvent NMR signal to detect filling errors of an alum-containing product in real-time in-line during manufacturing, for example during a fill-finish unit operation. This technique can be used for quality control in vaccine manufacturing to ensure the delivery of the correct concentration of alum-containing product to the product container such as a vial or pre-filled syringe.

A method of screening solvents for the solubilization of petroleum hydrocarbons is disclosed. The method includes dissolving petroleum hydrocarbons in a selected solvent to form a first solution, adding an ionic liquid to the first solution and blending to form a second solution and measuring absorbance of the second solution using spectroscopic techniques. The solubilization of petroleum hydrocarbons in the solvent is then determined based on the difference between the measured absorbance of the first and second solution. A system for screening solvents for the solubilization of petroleum hydrocarbons is also disclosed. The system can be used in removal of wax deposition in refinery process equipment, process flow lines, during piping operations, up-gradation of wax, prevention of clogging of pipelines, processing of sludge or for removing sludge from petroleum tank installations and enhancing the crude oil flow.

A non-invasive NMR based apparatus for measuring a food attribute (moisture, sugar content) in food products comprises a magnetic chamber, an RF pulsing device attached to the magnetic chamber, a sensor receiver, and a data processing unit in communication with the sensor receiver. The pulsing device exposes the food ingredients/snacks to an RF field and produces an NMR response signal that is detected by the sensor receiver. The data processing unit quantitatively measures a food attribute of the food product based on the NMR response signal.

Shown herein is a method of automated noninvasive determining the fertility of a bird's egg (14), comprising the following steps: conveying a plurality of bird eggs (14) sequentially or in parallel into an NMR apparatus (18), subjecting the bird eggs (14) to an NMR measurement, such as to generate a .sub.3-D NMR image of at least a part of each of said eggs (14), said .sub.3-D NMR image having a spatial resolution in at least one dimension of 1.0 mm or less, preferably of 0.50 mm or less, wherein said part of the egg (14) includes the germinal disc of the respective egg (14), determining a prediction of the fertility according to at least one of the following two procedures: (i) deriving at least one feature from each of said .sub.3-D NMR images, and employing said at least one feature in a feature-based classifier for determining a prediction of the fertility, and (ii) using a deep learning algorithm, and in particular a deep learning algorithm based on convolutional neural networks, generative adversarial networks, recurrent neural networks or long short-term memory networks.

Systems and methods for monitoring a crude oil blending process use nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) sensors which investigate properties of a plurality of crude oil streams that are mixed together to form a crude oil blend. An NMR sensor is also used to investigate the properties of the crude oil blend. The investigated properties may include viscosity. Resulting determinations may be used to control the input streams so that the output stream meets desired criteria. Additional sensors such as spectroscopy sensors, viscometers, and densitometers may be used in conjunction with the NMR sensors.

A monitoring device is provided for analytical measurement of reaction fluid produced in a reaction vessel in a spectrometer with a monitoring cell. The distribution apparatus includes at least four supply and return lines that open into the distribution apparatus, wherein the distribution apparatus comprises a distribution device for distributing reaction fluid to the supply and return lines. The distribution apparatus comprises a distribution vessel in which the distribution device and an electrically controllable pump device for pumping of the reaction fluid are provided, wherein the distribution device comprises an electrically controllable valve device for distributing the reaction fluid to the lines that open into the distribution vessel. A control and regulating device for electrical control of the pump device and of the valve device is provided, wherein reaction control is prompt, automated, and optimized with respect to process parameters, and wherein temperature control may include the entire flow path.

A Nuclear magnetic Resonance (NMR)-based system for measuring physical properties of a fluid, the system comprising an NMR spectrometer, configured to allow subjection of the fluid to radio frequency (RF) signals within a generated magnetic field, measurement of RF signals remitted by the fluid, and production of an NMR image of the fluid, a conduit, with a at least one segment of non-circular cross-section for accommodation of the flow of the fluid, and a flow-inducing mechanism, configured to allow generation of the flow of the fluid within the conduit, wherein the computer processor is configured to allow analytic processing of data related to the physical properties of the fluid under conditions of laminar and mixed laminar-turbulent flow through the conduit of non-circular cross-section so as to allow measurement of shear stress and shear rate of the fluid.